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2023.03.16 18:50 someguy3 Test
This is a new writeup for Middlemak (renamed since my previous post). Named for the emphasis on the middle finger and use of the middle-finger-upper-row locations for frequent letters
Link to Layout heatmap
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of Near Finger Bigrams (NFBs).
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this to be an awkward movement.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (Middlemak was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 on the middle-finger-upper-row, and 1 on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Workman has 1 middle-finger-upper-row, 1 ring-finger-upper-row, and 1 index-finger-lower-row, a mixed bag.
Using the middle finger also unloads the index fingers. The index fingers can get very busy with 6-7 letters compared with the other letters 3. Especially when multiple frequent letters are put on them. I’ll give the distance stats in “Excessive amounts of stats” section far below which shows the drastic difference.
I’ll cover Colemak first to outline the issue. Having most of the vowels EOIUY and many frequent consonants of NHLMKJ on the right hand leads to a pinballing proble. I call this the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of
To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First Middlemak moves L off the vowel hand and to the consonant hand. This (and moving H) reduces the wall to NMFPJ which is much, much lower frequency. Or if the word starts with NMFPJ, it’s again much lower frequency.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it’s almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it almost always gives an inside roll. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ continuing the inside roll, or it alternates to the other hand. Rarely goes back to H. Generally only after the third letter can it start to pinball back to the vowels or back to H.
Combined, this reduces pinballing and increases alternating. It’s not entirely alternating, Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row.
I’ll cover Colemak first again to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are extremely common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. (There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are not on the home row.) Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of F and Y have dramatically lower NFBs.
Looking at other layouts: Workman still has high NFB with L and E. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new HE roll to be more comfortable but it’s still a ton of NFB, and LE/EL is still there. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from its E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution.
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it feels ok. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, I find is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements. Visually, I think you can see this pretty easily in the heatmaps.
(You can extend this concept to fingers further away, to include Colemaks HI, LI, etc. This can be valid, but I’ll focus on adjacent fingers for now.)
Notes: Ratio >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant. The hand balance ratios are based on each hand's frequency/distance, right hand divided by left hand. E.g. Middlemak: 51.2% right hand frequency divided by 48.8% left hand frequency equals 1.05. Colemak: 53.2% right hand frequency divided by 46.7% left hand frequency equals 1.14. Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two ratios. I did this because having more frequency and more movement on the same hand amplifies the hand dominance. Or if one hand has more frequency and the other hand has more movement, that would mitigate it to some degree. This is by no means the most definitive way to look at it, but it's what I've managed to come up with. The "Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant" is a hard math thing to explain (that I hope I'm right about anyway). E.g. for Workman listing 0.80 gives the wrong impression the hand dominance is equivalent to 1.2 (20%). But it's actually 1.26 (26%), obtained from 1/0.796=1.26.
Middlemak is more balanced on both frequency and distance. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak combined balance ratio is 1.11, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
Ratios can change quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator (in this case, the left and right hand) can go in opposite directions. Moving L to the other hand does exactly this - changing both the numerator and denominator, and it changes both the frequency and the distance. So that one move really helps to balance out the hands.
(I’ll add the full data in “Excessive amounts of stats” for both frequency and distance, broken down to hands and fingers. The individual finger load is quite interesting too.)
Notes: This is with index finger pressing C location, how I think most people type. Adding in punctuation the numbers would be higher, I expect they would increase by similar absolute amounts.
For Middlemak: You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB from Colemak. Overall the numbers are low considering it keeps many Qwerty aspects.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. They aren’t as high as you may think. But the Y SFB and adding in NK/KN, NF, etc they do add up. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it’s still easily manageable. (NY is actually not all that common, for example it’s actually less common than EU/UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY/YN is 2,761 / 373. Compared to EU/UE is 878 / 4,158. MY/YM is 1,753 / 668.) The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is very low. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
If you want overall percentages (index finger pressing C), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost. But it’s really not much and it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Notes: This is with the middle finger pressing C location, “proper” or ortho style. Same data as above.
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip.
This basically moves most of the SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT on the index finger and puts in CR and CL on the middle finger, which is only a tad lower. On Colemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in SC which is much lower.
I think it still works well. The middle finger is a strong finger and can cover most of these well. The one issue is that CL which is a two row jump.
I’ll break down the full Mayzner numbers:
First the index finger pressing CT/TC is 12,998 / 737. This is what ortho removes.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CRC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. Adding it all up and including all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS/SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. Adding it all up and including the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A big dip.
If you want overall percentages (middle finger pressing C, Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which says Middlemak ortho increases, as opposed to what I found that Middlemak ortho decreases SFB. I think it comes down to the data set used.
On the left hand: Middlemak’s ring-to-pinky outside roll of SA and WA is actually pretty low. SA is actually the lowest bigram of the common consonants to A. So SA and WA comes out to be a good design. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s SA outside roll is far less common than Colemak’s RA. (The exact Mayzner in millions are: Middlemak’s SA is 6,147. Colemak’s RA is 19,333. WA is the same for both at 10,865.)
On the right hand: Middlmak’s ring-to-pinky roll of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common and even YO is pretty common. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s IH is 59, UH is 30. Vs Colemak’s IO 23,542, YO is 4,227.)
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand. H on the pinky gives an amazing inside roll almost all the time.
Also worth mentioning is I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit. First it limits the ring-to-pinky rolls. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. None of these are massive, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit.
First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same order, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
(I've also wondered if, for example, patterns like the very common ION simply being easier to type would make this faster to learn. I’m not certain about that though.)
Comparing layouts:
Considering letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make it even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much, much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc, (which to solve I paired tL and R).
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply didn’t work.
4) I mention this above but to add more: The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity (the M) and wanting to put O on the upper-row-middle-finger.. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
OU feels very comfortable.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move, but feels comfortable.
OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Colemak:
1) Colemak has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H and its NFBs, but D isn’t the best either.
2) Colemak’s right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak has a pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak has a ton of NFB with EL/LE and HE.
5) Colemak has a hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are technically separate items.)
6) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
7) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of ‘reversing’ S and R.
Middlemak is a pretty low increase in SFBs and it fixes those issues.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the NFBs 5) the hand balance, 6) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 7) coming from Qwerty it’s pretty much a full change layout. Shortcuts are accessible, but they move (well paste is the same. Undo, cut, and copy move.)
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky outside roll of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. Data from Mayzner is SH is 8,889, and original is SA is 6,147.
The bad: On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky outside roll is higher with IA and UA coming in at 8,072 and 3,844, vs original IH and UH of 59 and 30. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky outside roll is higher.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls inside rolls on both hands. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls outside rolls. The overall sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is lower. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
*Source: 62 page / 31k word compilation. Left index used to press Qwerty C location. Includes punctuation.
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good, kost alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row increases distance, with the O being more frequent. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
*All distances in metres. Same source as table above.
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because the row stagger technically puts D on a slight diagonal. A technicality really.
The right index finger is low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks.
Here you can really see how much work the index fingers do. Middlemak’s sum of the index fingers is nice and low.
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when Middlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the total index finger distance is still significantly reduced.
Notes: * indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no clear vowel hand). The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better. Ratio >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant.
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts, but some people like percentages. I used this mostly to calculate hand balance.
You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
* indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no vowel hand). Ratio of >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant.
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance. Neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
I did this after noticing, on Colemak, that my right index finger moves off the home row a lot. For Colemak the left index finger has more distance, but the right index finger has more frequency-off-home-row. The long distance to B on the left hand skews the distance travelled.
The effect is similar on most of the layouts: FOHR tones down the left hand dominance and bumps up the right hand dominance. With Colemak the frequency of H and L is enough to actually flip them. This is more noticeable with layouts that keep Qwerty’s B (which is just frequent enough to skew things), layouts that change the letter to a less common one shift less.
Also insightful is “Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR”. It shows that on Middlemak the index fingers do 48% of all frequency-off-home-row, quite reasonable. Whereas on Colemak the index fingers have 65% of all frequency-off-home-row, very high. Workman is just a tad higher with the index fingers doing 51% of frequency-off-home-row. Dvorak’s and Qwerty’s 53% for index fingers is a bit deceiving though, it appears low but that's because the overall total FOHR is much higher.
This is similar to “Zoom in on the index fingers”, but this shows an even greater difference between Middlemak and Colemak. Recall Middlemaks was 47% and Colemaks was 61% for the index finger % of total distance. Same thing, when the distances to the diagonals are levelled out, the frequency stands out.
Why on the upper-row instead of middle-row? First, I think most people find it easier to reach up and down rather than laterally. Second, it works very well with the LD roll.
Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as Qwerty for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same. I also think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers - which cover 6 to 7 letters.
I previously said that I’m not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But Colemak’s L has a ton of NFBs with the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So Middlemak has far lower same-hand-gymnastics.
I’m sure the R and S location will attract attention, so I’ll discuss it more here. Whether to go with ASRT with L above the R, or ARST with L above the S was not the simplest choice.
[Note that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is more common than SF/FS.]
The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers than Colemak’s RA on the ring-to-pinky fingers. Colemak’s RA is much more common than Middlemak’s RS too.
The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
(If someone comes from Colemak and wants ARST, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. Mostly the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB of SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. I broke down the numbers in SFB section.
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. The F location works quite well for both moderate frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
submitted by someguy3 to u/someguy3 [link] [comments]
Link to Layout heatmap
QWLDG JFOU: ASRTP YNEIH ZXCVB KM,./The main design criteria was:
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of Near Finger Bigrams (NFBs).
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this to be an awkward movement.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (Middlemak was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
1) Middle-Finger-Upper-Row
The main purpose of this layout is to place 2 common letters on the middle-finger-upper-row. The middle finger is very strong and these are excellent locations that are easy to reach.When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 on the middle-finger-upper-row, and 1 on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Workman has 1 middle-finger-upper-row, 1 ring-finger-upper-row, and 1 index-finger-lower-row, a mixed bag.
Using the middle finger also unloads the index fingers. The index fingers can get very busy with 6-7 letters compared with the other letters 3. Especially when multiple frequent letters are put on them. I’ll give the distance stats in “Excessive amounts of stats” section far below which shows the drastic difference.
2) Pinballing.
I wrote about pinballing in length here. The short of it is that there is an incredibly strong interaction between vowels and the consonants, with 75% of all bigrams between vowels and consonants.I’ll cover Colemak first to outline the issue. Having most of the vowels EOIUY and many frequent consonants of NHLMKJ on the right hand leads to a pinballing proble. I call this the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of
To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First Middlemak moves L off the vowel hand and to the consonant hand. This (and moving H) reduces the wall to NMFPJ which is much, much lower frequency. Or if the word starts with NMFPJ, it’s again much lower frequency.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it’s almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it almost always gives an inside roll. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ continuing the inside roll, or it alternates to the other hand. Rarely goes back to H. Generally only after the third letter can it start to pinball back to the vowels or back to H.
Combined, this reduces pinballing and increases alternating. It’s not entirely alternating, Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row.
3) Near Finger Bigrams, NFB
NFB are bigrams that are on adjacent fingers. Too many or an uncomfortable arrangement can be an issue. NFB and pinballing are separate issues: NFB is the smaller pattern of adjacent fingers, pinballing is the much larger pattern of pinballing between all vowels and constants.I’ll cover Colemak first again to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are extremely common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. (There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are not on the home row.) Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of F and Y have dramatically lower NFBs.
Looking at other layouts: Workman still has high NFB with L and E. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new HE roll to be more comfortable but it’s still a ton of NFB, and LE/EL is still there. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from its E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution.
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it feels ok. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, I find is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements. Visually, I think you can see this pretty easily in the heatmaps.
(You can extend this concept to fingers further away, to include Colemaks HI, LI, etc. This can be valid, but I’ll focus on adjacent fingers for now.)
4) Hand balance
Hand balance is a difficult topic. The two most obvious metrics for hand dominance are 1) the frequency of the letters, and 2) the distance the fingers have to travel (which is different from frequency because you don't travel to the home-row). But any pinballing from having too many vowels and consonants on the same hand doesn’t show up in those numbers. Having said all that, I’m going to look at frequency and distance.| Keyboard | Vowel Hand | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Left | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Right | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | n/a | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| Middlemak | Right | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Left | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | n/a | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
Middlemak is more balanced on both frequency and distance. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak combined balance ratio is 1.11, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
Ratios can change quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator (in this case, the left and right hand) can go in opposite directions. Moving L to the other hand does exactly this - changing both the numerator and denominator, and it changes both the frequency and the distance. So that one move really helps to balance out the hands.
(I’ll add the full data in “Excessive amounts of stats” for both frequency and distance, broken down to hands and fingers. The individual finger load is quite interesting too.)
5) SFB
The SFB of this layout is still pretty low, but it does come out a tad higher than Colemak’s. I’ve debated how to show this and decided to go with the full nuclear option. Data is from Mayzner revisited in millions (which only has letter bigrams and doesn’t have punctuation data, that’s what the 0’s are).| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 185,270 | 125,920 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 54,502 | 68,651 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 | |
| Workman | 78,147 | 29,268 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 2,806 | 21,645 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 | |
| Dvorak | 70,570 | 28,306 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 28,275 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 | |
| Middlemak | 44,698 | 25,806 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 2,716 | 20,323 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 | |
| Colemak | 39,023 | 23,336 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 639 | 20,323 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 | |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
For Middlemak: You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB from Colemak. Overall the numbers are low considering it keeps many Qwerty aspects.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. They aren’t as high as you may think. But the Y SFB and adding in NK/KN, NF, etc they do add up. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it’s still easily manageable. (NY is actually not all that common, for example it’s actually less common than EU/UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY/YN is 2,761 / 373. Compared to EU/UE is 878 / 4,158. MY/YM is 1,753 / 668.) The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is very low. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
If you want overall percentages (index finger pressing C), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost. But it’s really not much and it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Ortho SFB
| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 195,687 | 136,337 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 86,462 | 47,108 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 |
| Workman | 79,561 | 30,682 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 8,206 | 17,659 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 |
| Dvorak | 70,365 | 28,101 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 1,591 | 26,480 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 |
| Middlemak | 42,816 | 23,924 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 14,888 | 6,270 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 |
| Colemak | 30,032 | 14,345 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 5,702 | 6,270 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip.
This basically moves most of the SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT on the index finger and puts in CR and CL on the middle finger, which is only a tad lower. On Colemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in SC which is much lower.
I think it still works well. The middle finger is a strong finger and can cover most of these well. The one issue is that CL which is a two row jump.
I’ll break down the full Mayzner numbers:
First the index finger pressing CT/TC is 12,998 / 737. This is what ortho removes.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CRC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. Adding it all up and including all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS/SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. Adding it all up and including the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A big dip.
If you want overall percentages (middle finger pressing C, Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which says Middlemak ortho increases, as opposed to what I found that Middlemak ortho decreases SFB. I think it comes down to the data set used.
6) Low ring-to-pinky rolls. And the amazing inside roll from H.
A secondary design goal was to decrease the awkward ring-to-pinky roll. I find this to be the most awkward movement on the keyboard (for common movements around the home row). Middlemak greatly reduces this roll.On the left hand: Middlemak’s ring-to-pinky outside roll of SA and WA is actually pretty low. SA is actually the lowest bigram of the common consonants to A. So SA and WA comes out to be a good design. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s SA outside roll is far less common than Colemak’s RA. (The exact Mayzner in millions are: Middlemak’s SA is 6,147. Colemak’s RA is 19,333. WA is the same for both at 10,865.)
On the right hand: Middlmak’s ring-to-pinky roll of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common and even YO is pretty common. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s IH is 59, UH is 30. Vs Colemak’s IO 23,542, YO is 4,227.)
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand. H on the pinky gives an amazing inside roll almost all the time.
Also worth mentioning is I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit. First it limits the ring-to-pinky rolls. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. None of these are massive, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit.
7) Qwerty similarity.
Last but not least, this maintains Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same order, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
(I've also wondered if, for example, patterns like the very common ION simply being easier to type would make this faster to learn. I’m not certain about that though.)
Comparing layouts:
- Middlemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 5 letters moving on the same finger and 11 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 4 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak-DH: 5 letters stay in their original spot and 21 move, with 6 letters moving on the same finger and 15 letters switching fingers.
- Workman: 6 letters stay in their original spot and 20 move, with 8 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
Considering letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make it even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
Downsides
1) There is a slight increase in SFB compared to Colemak. But overall I think SFB is still low.2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much, much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc, (which to solve I paired tL and R).
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply didn’t work.
4) I mention this above but to add more: The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity (the M) and wanting to put O on the upper-row-middle-finger.. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Conclusion
I'm really happy with this layout. I think it is a great combination of pretty low SFB, good use of the strong middle finger upper room position, reduced NFB and pinballing, keeping Qwerty similarity, and easy to transition to.Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
Some nice rolls and combinations
Although this increases alternating, there are still plenty of rolls left. Some I want to mention:HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
OU feels very comfortable.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move, but feels comfortable.
OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Vs Colemak and Vs Colemak-DH
I made Middlemak to try to solve the problems I found with Colemak. I think all the items came out above, but as a bit of a summary and to compare Colemak-DH. I don’t mean this to be a hit piece on Colemak or Colemak-DH.Colemak:
1) Colemak has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H and its NFBs, but D isn’t the best either.
2) Colemak’s right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak has a pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak has a ton of NFB with EL/LE and HE.
5) Colemak has a hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are technically separate items.)
6) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
7) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of ‘reversing’ S and R.
Middlemak is a pretty low increase in SFBs and it fixes those issues.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the NFBs 5) the hand balance, 6) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 7) coming from Qwerty it’s pretty much a full change layout. Shortcuts are accessible, but they move (well paste is the same. Undo, cut, and copy move.)
Option: Swap A and H
This gives:QWLDG JFOU: HSRTP YNEIA ZXCVB KM,./The good: This is good if you want to put all the vowels and most consonants on opposite hands. Overall this increases alternating. More alternating comes from moving A, it actually decreases alternating with H, mostly because TH is very common. On normal Middlemak, A and H together have 48% of all their bigrams on the opposite hand. With the AH swap, that goes to 59% of bigrams on the opposite hand.
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky outside roll of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. Data from Mayzner is SH is 8,889, and original is SA is 6,147.
The bad: On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky outside roll is higher with IA and UA coming in at 8,072 and 3,844, vs original IH and UH of 59 and 30. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky outside roll is higher.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls inside rolls on both hands. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls outside rolls. The overall sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is lower. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
Excessive amount of stats
This section has details on distance reductions, hand balance based on frequency, hand balance based on distance, and raw distance numbers. I'm going to give lots of charts. You don’t need to read this all, but these are all the details.Distance reduction from Qwerty
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (miles) | (% reduction from Qwerty) | |
| MTGAP | 2.592 | 1.611 | 46.3% |
| Workman | 2.613 | 1.624 | 45.9% |
| Norman | 2.615 | 1.625 | 45.9% |
| Colemak | 2.616 | 1.625 | 45.8% |
| Middlemak | 2.710 | 1.684 | 43.9% |
| Semimak | 2.739 | 1.702 | 43.3% |
| Dvorak | 2.813 | 1.748 | 41.8% |
| QWERTY | 4.829 | 3.001 | 0% |
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good, kost alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row increases distance, with the O being more frequent. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
All Finger Distances
This is the raw distance travelled in metres. Percentages rely on the total distance travelled, which changes between layouts so it's not comparable. Note that distance is different from frequency. The fingers don't move for the home row, the distance travelled is to the other letters.| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L Total | R Total | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 293 | 116 | 413 | 246 | 667 | 320 | 219 | 318 | 1068 m | 1524 m | 2592 m |
| Workman | 123 | 232 | 330 | 753 | 505 | 200 | 146 | 325 | 1437 m | 1176 m | 2613 m |
| Norman | 127 | 127 | 223 | 674 | 525 | 377 | 244 | 319 | 1150 m | 1465 m | 2615 m |
| Colemak | 130 | 127 | 116 | 842 | 747 | 200 | 141 | 315 | 1214 m | 1402 m | 2616 m |
| Middlemak | 134 | 127 | 207 | 847 | 440 | 460 | 189 | 306 | 1314 m | 1396 m | 2710 m |
| Semimak | 238 | 237 | 326 | 390 | 506 | 200 | 450 | 393 | 1191 m | 1549 m | 2739 m |
| Dvorak | 205 | 54 | 34 | 692 | 753 | 285 | 395 | 396 | 984 m | 1829 m | 2813 m |
| QWERTY | 130 | 127 | 670 | 1413 | 1169 | 452 | 450 | 418 | 2340 m | 2489 m | 4829 m |
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because the row stagger technically puts D on a slight diagonal. A technicality really.
The right index finger is low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks.
Zoom in on index fingers
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Total | Index Finger % of total distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L Index | R Index | L+R Index | L+R Index | |
| MTGAP | 246 | 667 | 913 m | 35% |
| Workman | 753 | 505 | 1259 m | 48% |
| Norman | 674 | 525 | 1200 m | 46% |
| Colemak | 842 | 747 | 1589 m | 61% |
| Middlemak | 847 | 440 | 1287 m | 47% |
| Semimak | 390 | 506 | 896 m | 33% |
| Dvorak | 692 | 753 | 1445 m | 51% |
| QWERTY | 1413 | 1169 | 2582 m | 53% |
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when Middlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the total index finger distance is still significantly reduced.
Hand Balance based on Distance
This is the distance in percentages for all the fingers (unlike the raw distances in metres above) so that I can add them up to look at hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 41.2* | 58.8 | 1.43 | 11.3 | 4.5 | 15.9 | 9.5 | 25.7 | 12.3 | 8.4 | 12.3 |
| Workman | 55.0 | 45.0* | 0.82 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 28.8 | 19.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 12.5 |
| Norman | 44.0 | 56.0 | 1.27 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 25.8 | 20.1 | 14.4 | 9.3 | 12.2 |
| Colemak | 46.4 | 53.6* | 1.15 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 32.2 | 28.6 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 12.0 |
| Middlemak | 48.5 | 51.5* | 1.06 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 31.2 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 11.3 |
| Semimak | 43.5 | 56.5* | 1.30 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 18.5 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 14.4 |
| Dvorak | 35.0* | 65.0 | 1.86 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 24.6 | 26.8 | 10.1 | 14.0 | 14.1 |
| QWERTY | 48.5 | 51.5 | 1.06 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 13.9 | 29.3 | 24.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts, but some people like percentages. I used this mostly to calculate hand balance.
You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
Hand Balance based on Frequency
Now we’re shifting to frequency. You can see the data for all the fingers, this is enlightening on its own. I also add them up to look at the hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 49.9* | 50.0 | 1.00 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 9.8 | 9.4 |
| Workman | 50.7 | 49.3* | 0.97 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 9.7 | 9.5 |
| Norman | 51.7 | 48.3 | 0.93 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 8.1 |
| Colemak | 46.7 | 53.2* | 1.14 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 9.8 |
| Middlemak | 48.8 | 51.2* | 1.05 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 21.4 | 13.7 | 19.6 | 9.9 | 8.0 |
| Semimak | 46.6 | 53.4* | 1.15 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 15.0 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 10.7 |
| Dvorak | 44.8* | 55.3 | 1.23 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 11.7 |
| QWERTY | 56.5 | 43.5 | 0.77 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 23.4 | 18.8 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
Hand Balance Distance + Frequency
This is the same chart that was above, just for a summary.| Keyboard | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| Middlemak | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant. Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two.
Frequency-off-home-row (F.O.H.R.)
At the risk of too much information, another way to look at this is the frequency that’s off-home-row. I.e. the frequency that is not under the fingers.Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance. Neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L+R Index | Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 4.0 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 14.9% | 36% |
| Workman | 1.5 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 20.3% | 51% |
| Norman | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 18.8% | 47% |
| Colemak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 25.7% | 65% |
| Middlemak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 12.7 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 20.0% | 48% |
| Semimak | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 14.7% | 34% |
| Dvorak | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 23.4% | 53% |
| QWERTY | 1.6 | 2.1 | 11.6 | 21.4 | 18.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 40.0% | 53% |
The effect is similar on most of the layouts: FOHR tones down the left hand dominance and bumps up the right hand dominance. With Colemak the frequency of H and L is enough to actually flip them. This is more noticeable with layouts that keep Qwerty’s B (which is just frequent enough to skew things), layouts that change the letter to a less common one shift less.
Also insightful is “Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR”. It shows that on Middlemak the index fingers do 48% of all frequency-off-home-row, quite reasonable. Whereas on Colemak the index fingers have 65% of all frequency-off-home-row, very high. Workman is just a tad higher with the index fingers doing 51% of frequency-off-home-row. Dvorak’s and Qwerty’s 53% for index fingers is a bit deceiving though, it appears low but that's because the overall total FOHR is much higher.
This is similar to “Zoom in on the index fingers”, but this shows an even greater difference between Middlemak and Colemak. Recall Middlemaks was 47% and Colemaks was 61% for the index finger % of total distance. Same thing, when the distances to the diagonals are levelled out, the frequency stands out.
Excessive amount of detail on letters
You really don’t need to read this, mostly if you have any lingering or specific Q on specific letters.D position and why not curl?
Where to place that 11th letter is difficult, it’s either the ring finger or index finger. Many find the ring finger to not be very dexterous for such a frequent letter. So pairing D with T on the index finger works very well for low SFB and to put it on the consonant hand.Why on the upper-row instead of middle-row? First, I think most people find it easier to reach up and down rather than laterally. Second, it works very well with the LD roll.
Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as Qwerty for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same. I also think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers - which cover 6 to 7 letters.
I previously said that I’m not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But Colemak’s L has a ton of NFBs with the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So Middlemak has far lower same-hand-gymnastics.
The R and L position
L pairs well with R for low SFB. After finessing with options, the home row can be arranged to ASRT and L can be put above R on the middle-finger-upper-row, a very desirable location.I’m sure the R and S location will attract attention, so I’ll discuss it more here. Whether to go with ASRT with L above the R, or ARST with L above the S was not the simplest choice.
[Note that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is more common than SF/FS.]
ASRT with L above R:
The pros of ASRT is it gives fewer SFB, with LRL being less than half as common as SL/LS. It also gives fewer ring-to-pinky-rolls with SA being far less common than Colemak’s RA. It also makes it much easier to learn from Qwerty.The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers than Colemak’s RA on the ring-to-pinky fingers. Colemak’s RA is much more common than Middlemak’s RS too.
ARST with L above S
The pros of ARST is that it gives an inside roll of RS. It also separates R from the NFB letters on the index finger, which do add up. However, I’m trying to resolve the NFBs of Colemak’s right hand H and L with E which is a magnitude larger, in addition to the pinballing that it creates which requires moving L.The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
Verdict: ASRT
None of these are huge deal breakers for one or the other. I went with lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and much easier to learn. At the cost of some NFB on the index finger and inside roll of RS.(If someone comes from Colemak and wants ARST, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. Mostly the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB of SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
P and G location
It’s better to move G than keep it in its Qwerty location.P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
O location
O and E together give very low SFB. This is a great opportunity to put them together. The strong middle finger only has 3 keys, so it can handle two very frequent letters.U, Y and F locations
U works pretty well with I, the SFB are reasonably low. This location also creates a nice OU and YOU roll.Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. I broke down the numbers in SFB section.
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. The F location works quite well for both moderate frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
2023.03.12 04:32 someguy3 Test
This is a new writeup for Middlemak (renamed since my previous post). Named for the emphasis on the middle finger and use of the middle-finger-upper-row locations for frequent letters
Link to Layout heatmap
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of NFB.
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this particular outside roll to be the most awkward movement on the keyboard.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (Middlemak was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 on the middle-finger-upper-row, and 1 on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Dvorak has 4: 2 on the centre column, 2 on upper-row-ring-and-pinky. Workman has 1 middle-finger-upper-row, 1 ring-finger-upper-row, and 1 index-finger-lower-row, a mixed bag.
Using the middle finger also unloads the index fingers. I’ll give the distance stats in “Excessive amounts of stats” section below. The short is that the index fingers can get busy with 6-7 letters, especially when frequent letters are put on them. The distance charts show the drastic difference.
Middlemak’s left hand does have D on the index finger. Where to place that 11th letter is difficult. Many find the ring finger to not be very dexterous. So that means keeping W works for both its lowish frequency and keeping Qwerty similarity. That puts the 11th letter on to the more dexterous index finger. Pairing D with T works very well for low SFB and to put it on the consonant hand.
(Why not curl? Answered in a separate section below.)
To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First it moves L off the vowel hand and on to the consonant hand.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it’s almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it almost always gives inside rolls.
Combined, this reduces pinballing and increases alternating. It’s not entirely alternating though. Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N, I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row. For H, they are now mostly inside rolls.
You might ask if pinballing is still there because overall the right hand still has N and H. Colemak has what I call the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of. First Middlemak reduces the wall to NMFPJ, which is much lower frequency. This greatly reduces the pinballing. (I don’t include Y in the wall because it’s a vowel and most of its bigrams are on the opposite hand.) Secondly we can look more at the directions: H gives an inside roll to the vowels. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ or the other hand (not back to H), which is still an inside roll. Generally only after the third letter can it start to pinball back to the vowels or back to H. The main pinballing/redirect that I can think of is the word “their”.
I’ll cover Colemak first to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are very common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are off the home row. Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs and improve comfort.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of FE/EF and YE/EY is drastically lower.
Looking at other layouts: Workman still has high NFB with L. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new H location more comfortable, but it’s still a ton of NFB with HE and LE/EL is still there. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from the E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution but requires a complete layout change. Semimak put E and I on the ring finger, which is an interesting idea to get them away from the index finger. But that puts a ton of frequency and movement on the ring finger.
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it doesn't feel too bad. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, I find is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements.
Visually, I think you can see this pretty easily in the heatmaps.
([You can extend this concept to fingers further away, to include Colemaks HI, LI, etc. This can be valid, but I’ll focus on adjacent fingers for this.)
Notes: >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant. The hand balance ratios are based on each hand's frequency/distance, right hand divided by left hand. E.g. Middlemak: 51.2% right hand frequency divided by 48.8% left hand frequency equals 1.05. Colemak: 53.2% right hand frequency divided by 46.7% left hand frequency equals 1.14. Those charts will be further down. Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two ratios. I did this because having more frequency and more movement on the same hand amplifies the hand dominance. They both matter. Or if one hand has more frequency and the other hand has more movement, that would mitigate it to some degree. This is by no means the most definitive way to look at it, but it's what I've managed to come up with. The "Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant" is a hard math thing to explain (that I hope I'm right about anyway). E.g. for Workman listing 0.80 gives the wrong impression the hand dominance is equivalent to 1.2 (20%). But it's actually 1.26 (26%), obtained from 1/0.8=1.26.
Middlemak is more balanced on both frequency distribution and distance distribution. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak has 1.11 hand balance, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
Ratios can change quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator can go in opposite directions. Moving L to the other hand does exactly this, changing both the numerator and denominator for both the frequency and the distance. So that one move really helps to balance out the hands.
(I’ll add more charts in “Excessive amounts of detail” below for both frequency and distance. Those will break down frequencies and distances for each finger too, which can be enlightening.)
Notes: This is with index finger pressing C location, which is how I think most people type. Data is from Mayzner revisited in millions, which only has letter bigrams and doesn’t include punctuation, that’s what the 0’s are. Note that adding in punctuation SFB, the numbers would be higher. But adding in punctuation Colemak, Colemak-DH, and Middlemak would all increase by similar absolute amounts. So that means the relative differences between them would actually be smaller than what's shown here.
For Middlemak: You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB from Colemak. Overall the numbers are low considering that it’s based on Qwerty similarity.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. They aren’t as high as you may think. But the Y SFB and adding in NK/KN, NF, etc they do add up. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it’s still easily manageable. (NY is actually not all that common, for example it’s actually less common than EU/UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY/YN is 2,761 / 373. Compared to EU/UE is 878 / 4,158. MY/YM is 1,753 / 668.) The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is very low. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
If you want overall percentages (index finger pressing C), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost, but it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Notes: This is with the middle finger pressing C location. This basically moves SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. (For MTGAP it changes punctuation, not letters, so it’s the same based on Mayzner.)
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in CR and CL. Colemak on Ortho takes a much bigger dip by taking out CT and putting in SC.
This moves most of the SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. I think it still works, the middle finger is a strong finger and can cover most of these well. The one issue is that CL which is a two row jump.
I’ll break down the full Mayzner numbers:
First the index finger pressing CT/TC is 12,998 / 737. This is what ortho removes.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CRC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. If you add in all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS/SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. If you add in all the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A bigger dip.
If you want overall percentages (middle finger pressing C, Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which says Middlemak ortho increases, as opposed to what I found that Middlemak ortho decreases SFB. I think it comes down to the data set used, I used Mayzer revisited.
On the left hand: Middlemak’s ring-to-pinky roll of SA and WA is actually pretty low. SA is actually the lowest bigram between the common consonants to A. So SA and WA comes out to be a good design. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s SA outside roll is far less common than Colemak’s RA. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s SA is 6,147. Colemak’s RA is 19,333. WA is the same for both at 10,865. Data from Mayzner revisited in millions.)
On the right hand: Middlmak’s ring-to-pinky roll of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common, and even YO is pretty common. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s IH is 59, UH is 30. Vs Colemak’s IO 23,542, YO is 4,227.)
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand. H on the pinky gives an amazing inside roll almost all the time.
Also worth mentioning is I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit. First it limits the ring-to-pinky rolls. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. None of these are massive, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit.
First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same order, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
(I've also wondered if, for example, patterns like the very common ION simply being easier to type would make this faster to learn. I’m not certain about that though.)
Comparing layouts:
Accounting for letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make it even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much, much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc.
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply didn’t work.
4) I mention this above but to add more: The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity (the M) and wanting to put O on the upper-row-middle-finger.. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
OU feels very comfortable.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move, but feels comfortable.
Putting OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Colemak:
1) Colemak has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H and its NFBs, but D isn’t the best either.
2) Colemak’s right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak has a pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak has a ton of NFB with EL/LE and HE.
5) Colemak has a hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are technically separate items.)
6) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
7) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of ‘reversing’ S and R.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the NFBs 5) the hand balance, 6) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 7) it changes an absolute ton of letters. It’s pretty much a full change layout.
I think Middlemak solves all these issues and is even easier to learn. I think it’s a win-win.
Why choose Colemak? I think if you type “properly” pressing C with the middle finger and desire low SFB to the point that you accept the issues above. If you type with your index finger pressing C (how I think most people type), then Middlemak is barely any more SFB and it fixes many issues.
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. SA is 30,709 vs HA is 26,488 (millions, from Mayzner revisited).
The bad. On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher with IA and UA. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher. On the left hand, TH is just that common. On the right hand, it removes the remarkable low vowel-to-H trend and replaces it with decent outside rolls to A.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls (inside rolls), with both A to all other fingers and H to all other fingers. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls (outside rolls). Overall, the total sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is decreased. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower. But I think the inside rolls are fine - when I type on Colemak I don’t find much of a problem with A to other fingers.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
*Source: 62 page / 31k word compilation. Left index used to press Qwerty C location. Includes punctuation.
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good. Most alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row increases distance because O is more frequent. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
*All distances in metres. Same source as table above.
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because D is technically on a slight diagonal because of the row stagger. A technicality really.
The right index finger is low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks.
Here you can really see how much work the index fingers do. Middlemak’s sum of the index fingers is nice and low.
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when Middlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the total index finger distance is still significantly reduced.
* indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no vowel hand). The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that indicates the differences between the layouts better (>1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant).
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts. I used this mostly for hand balance calcs. But some people think in terms of percentages, so you can see the breakdown for each finger. You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
* indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no vowel hand). Ratio of >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant.
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance. Neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
I did this after noticing, on Colemak, that my right index finger moves off the home row a lot. For Colemak the left index finger has more distance, but the right index finger has more frequency-off-home-row. The long distance to B on the left hand skews the distance travelled. The effect is similar on most of the layouts; the F.O.H.R tones down the left hand dominance and bumps up the right hand dominance. With Colemak the frequency of H and L is enough to actually flip them. This is more noticeable with layouts that keep Qwerty’s B (which is just frequent enough to skew things), layouts that change the letter to a less common one shift less.
Also insightful is “Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR”. It shows that on Middlemak the index fingers do 48% of all frequency-off-home-row, quite reasonable. Whereas on Colemak the index fingers have 65% of all frequency-off-home-row, very high. Workman is just a tad higher with the index fingers doing 51% of frequency-off-home-row. Dvorak’s and Qwerty’s 53% for index fingers is a bit deceiving though, it appears low but that's because the overall total F.O.H.R. is much higher.
This is similar to “Zoom in on the index fingers”, but this shows an even greater difference between Middlemak and Colemak. Recall Middlemaks was 47% and Colemaks was 61% for the index finger % of total distance. Same thing, when the distances to the diagonals are levelled out, the frequency shines.
I’m sure the R and S location will attract attention, so I’ll discuss it more here. Whether to go with ASRT with L above the R, or ARST with L above the S was not the simplest choice.
[Note that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is more common than SF/FS, so Colemak had to move S to the middle finger.]
The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers than Colemak’s RA on the ring-to-pinky fingers. Colemak’s RA is much more common than Middlemak’s RS too.
The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
(If someone comes from Colemak and wants ARST, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. Mostly the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB of SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as Qwerty for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same. I also think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers - which cover 6 to 7 letters.
I previously said that I’m not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But Colemak’s L has a ton of NFBs with the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So MIddlemak has far lower same-hand-gymnastics.
P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. I broke down the numbers in SFB section.
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. The F location works quite well for both moderate frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
submitted by someguy3 to u/someguy3 [link] [comments]
Link to Layout heatmap
QWLDG JFOU: ASRTP YNEIH ZXCVB KM,./The main design criteria was:
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of NFB.
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this particular outside roll to be the most awkward movement on the keyboard.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (Middlemak was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
1) Middle-Finger-Upper-Row
The main purpose of this layout is to place 2 common letters on the middle-finger-upper-row. The middle finger is very strong and these are excellent locations that are easy to reach.When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 on the middle-finger-upper-row, and 1 on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Dvorak has 4: 2 on the centre column, 2 on upper-row-ring-and-pinky. Workman has 1 middle-finger-upper-row, 1 ring-finger-upper-row, and 1 index-finger-lower-row, a mixed bag.
Using the middle finger also unloads the index fingers. I’ll give the distance stats in “Excessive amounts of stats” section below. The short is that the index fingers can get busy with 6-7 letters, especially when frequent letters are put on them. The distance charts show the drastic difference.
Middlemak’s left hand does have D on the index finger. Where to place that 11th letter is difficult. Many find the ring finger to not be very dexterous. So that means keeping W works for both its lowish frequency and keeping Qwerty similarity. That puts the 11th letter on to the more dexterous index finger. Pairing D with T works very well for low SFB and to put it on the consonant hand.
(Why not curl? Answered in a separate section below.)
2) Pinballing.
I wrote about pinballing in length here). The short of it is that there is an incredibly strong interaction between vowels and the consonants, with 75% of all bigrams between vowels and consonants. Pinballing can arise from having too many vowels and consonants on the same hand.To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First it moves L off the vowel hand and on to the consonant hand.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it’s almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it almost always gives inside rolls.
Combined, this reduces pinballing and increases alternating. It’s not entirely alternating though. Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N, I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row. For H, they are now mostly inside rolls.
You might ask if pinballing is still there because overall the right hand still has N and H. Colemak has what I call the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of. First Middlemak reduces the wall to NMFPJ, which is much lower frequency. This greatly reduces the pinballing. (I don’t include Y in the wall because it’s a vowel and most of its bigrams are on the opposite hand.) Secondly we can look more at the directions: H gives an inside roll to the vowels. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ or the other hand (not back to H), which is still an inside roll. Generally only after the third letter can it start to pinball back to the vowels or back to H. The main pinballing/redirect that I can think of is the word “their”.
3) Near Finger Bigrams, NFB
NFB are bigrams that are on adjacent fingers. Too many or an uncomfortable arrangement can be an issue. NFB and pinballing are separate issues: NFB are the smaller pattern of adjacent fingers, pinballing is the much larger pattern of pinballing between all vowels and constantsI’ll cover Colemak first to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are very common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are off the home row. Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs and improve comfort.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of FE/EF and YE/EY is drastically lower.
Looking at other layouts: Workman still has high NFB with L. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new H location more comfortable, but it’s still a ton of NFB with HE and LE/EL is still there. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from the E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution but requires a complete layout change. Semimak put E and I on the ring finger, which is an interesting idea to get them away from the index finger. But that puts a ton of frequency and movement on the ring finger.
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it doesn't feel too bad. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, I find is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements.
Visually, I think you can see this pretty easily in the heatmaps.
([You can extend this concept to fingers further away, to include Colemaks HI, LI, etc. This can be valid, but I’ll focus on adjacent fingers for this.)
4) Hand balance
Hand balance is a difficult topic. The two most obvious metrics for hand dominance are 1) the frequency of the letters, and 2) the distance the hand has to travel (which is different from frequency because you don't travel to the home-row). But any pinballing from having too many vowels and consonants on the same hand doesn’t show in the numbers. Having said all that, I’m going to look at those.| Keyboard | Vowel Hand | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Left | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Right | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | n/a | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| Middlemak | Right | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Left | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | n/a | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
Middlemak is more balanced on both frequency distribution and distance distribution. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak has 1.11 hand balance, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
Ratios can change quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator can go in opposite directions. Moving L to the other hand does exactly this, changing both the numerator and denominator for both the frequency and the distance. So that one move really helps to balance out the hands.
(I’ll add more charts in “Excessive amounts of detail” below for both frequency and distance. Those will break down frequencies and distances for each finger too, which can be enlightening.)
5) SFB
The SFB of this layout is still pretty low, but it does come out a tad higher than Colemak’s. I’ve debated how to show this and decided to go with the full nuclear option. Data is from Mayzner revisited in millions (which only has letter bigrams and doesn’t have punctuation data, that’s what the 0’s are).| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 185,270 | 125,920 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 54,502 | 68,651 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 |
| Workman | 78,147 | 29,268 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 2,806 | 21,645 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 |
| Dvorak | 70,570 | 28,306 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 28,275 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 |
| Middlemak | 44,698 | 25,806 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 2,716 | 20,323 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 |
| Colemak | 39,023 | 23,336 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 639 | 20,323 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
For Middlemak: You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB from Colemak. Overall the numbers are low considering that it’s based on Qwerty similarity.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. They aren’t as high as you may think. But the Y SFB and adding in NK/KN, NF, etc they do add up. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it’s still easily manageable. (NY is actually not all that common, for example it’s actually less common than EU/UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY/YN is 2,761 / 373. Compared to EU/UE is 878 / 4,158. MY/YM is 1,753 / 668.) The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is very low. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
If you want overall percentages (index finger pressing C), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost, but it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Ortho SFB
| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 195,687 | 136,337 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 86,462 | 47,108 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 |
| Workman | 79,561 | 30,682 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 8,206 | 17,659 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 |
| Dvorak | 70,365 | 28,101 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 1,591 | 26,480 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 |
| Middlemak | 42,816 | 23,924 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 14,888 | 6,270 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 |
| Colemak | 30,032 | 14,345 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 5,702 | 6,270 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in CR and CL. Colemak on Ortho takes a much bigger dip by taking out CT and putting in SC.
This moves most of the SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. I think it still works, the middle finger is a strong finger and can cover most of these well. The one issue is that CL which is a two row jump.
I’ll break down the full Mayzner numbers:
First the index finger pressing CT/TC is 12,998 / 737. This is what ortho removes.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CRC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. If you add in all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS/SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. If you add in all the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A bigger dip.
If you want overall percentages (middle finger pressing C, Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which says Middlemak ortho increases, as opposed to what I found that Middlemak ortho decreases SFB. I think it comes down to the data set used, I used Mayzer revisited.
6) Low ring-to-pinky rolls. And the amazing inside roll from H.
Personally I find the ring-to-pinky roll to be very awkward. Middlemak greatly reduces this roll.On the left hand: Middlemak’s ring-to-pinky roll of SA and WA is actually pretty low. SA is actually the lowest bigram between the common consonants to A. So SA and WA comes out to be a good design. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s SA outside roll is far less common than Colemak’s RA. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s SA is 6,147. Colemak’s RA is 19,333. WA is the same for both at 10,865. Data from Mayzner revisited in millions.)
On the right hand: Middlmak’s ring-to-pinky roll of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common, and even YO is pretty common. (The exact numbers are Middlemak’s IH is 59, UH is 30. Vs Colemak’s IO 23,542, YO is 4,227.)
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand. H on the pinky gives an amazing inside roll almost all the time.
Also worth mentioning is I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit. First it limits the ring-to-pinky rolls. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. None of these are massive, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit.
7) Qwerty similarity.
Last but not least, this maintains Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same order, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
(I've also wondered if, for example, patterns like the very common ION simply being easier to type would make this faster to learn. I’m not certain about that though.)
Comparing layouts:
- Middlemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 5 letters moving on the same finger and 11 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 4 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak-DH: 5 letters stay in their original spot and 21 move, with 6 letters moving on the same finger and 15 letters switching fingers.
- Workman: 6 letters stay in their original spot and 20 move, with 8 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
Accounting for letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make it even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
Downsides
1) There is a slight increase in SFB compared to Colemak. But overall I think SFB is still low.2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much, much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc.
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply didn’t work.
4) I mention this above but to add more: The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity (the M) and wanting to put O on the upper-row-middle-finger.. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Conclusion
I'm really happy with this layout. I think it is a great combination of pretty low SFB, good use of the strong middle finger upper room position, reduced NFB and pinballing, keeping Qwerty similarity, and easy to transition to.Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
Some nice rolls and combinations
Although this increases alternating, there are still plenty of rolls left. And combinations too between hands. Some I want to mention:HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
OU feels very comfortable.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move, but feels comfortable.
Putting OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Vs Colemak and Vs Colemak-DH
I made Middlemak to try to solve the problems I found with Colemak. The items probably all came out already but I’ll do a bit of a summary just to make sure. I don’t mean this to be a hit piece on Colemak or Colemak-DH.Colemak:
1) Colemak has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H and its NFBs, but D isn’t the best either.
2) Colemak’s right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak has a pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak has a ton of NFB with EL/LE and HE.
5) Colemak has a hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are technically separate items.)
6) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
7) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of ‘reversing’ S and R.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the NFBs 5) the hand balance, 6) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 7) it changes an absolute ton of letters. It’s pretty much a full change layout.
I think Middlemak solves all these issues and is even easier to learn. I think it’s a win-win.
Why choose Colemak? I think if you type “properly” pressing C with the middle finger and desire low SFB to the point that you accept the issues above. If you type with your index finger pressing C (how I think most people type), then Middlemak is barely any more SFB and it fixes many issues.
Option: Swap A and H
This gives:QWLDG JFOU: HSRTP YNEIA ZXCVB KM,./The good: This is good if you want to put all the vowels and most consonants on opposite hands. Overall this increases alternating. More alternating comes from moving A. It actually decreases alternating with H, mostly because TH is very common. On normal Middlemak, A and H together have 48% of all their bigrams on the opposite hand. With the AH swap, that goes to 59% of bigrams on the opposite hand.
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. SA is 30,709 vs HA is 26,488 (millions, from Mayzner revisited).
The bad. On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher with IA and UA. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher. On the left hand, TH is just that common. On the right hand, it removes the remarkable low vowel-to-H trend and replaces it with decent outside rolls to A.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls (inside rolls), with both A to all other fingers and H to all other fingers. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls (outside rolls). Overall, the total sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is decreased. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower. But I think the inside rolls are fine - when I type on Colemak I don’t find much of a problem with A to other fingers.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
Excessive amount of stats
This section has details on distance reductions, hand balance based on frequency, hand balance based on distance, and raw distance numbers. I'm going to give lots of charts. You don’t need to read this all, but these are all the details.Distance reduction from Qwerty
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (miles) | (% reduction from Qwerty) | |
| MTGAP | 2.592 | 1.611 | 46.3% |
| Workman | 2.613 | 1.624 | 45.9% |
| Norman | 2.615 | 1.625 | 45.9% |
| Colemak | 2.616 | 1.625 | 45.8% |
| Middlemak | 2.710 | 1.684 | 43.9% |
| Semimak | 2.739 | 1.702 | 43.3% |
| Dvorak | 2.813 | 1.748 | 41.8% |
| QWERTY | 4.829 | 3.001 | 0% |
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good. Most alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row increases distance because O is more frequent. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
All Finger Distances
This is the raw distance travelled in metres. Percentages rely on the total distance travelled, which changes between layouts so it's not comparable. Note that distance is different from frequency. The fingers don't move for the home row, the distance travelled is to the other letters.| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L Total | R Total | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 293 | 116 | 413 | 246 | 667 | 320 | 219 | 318 | 1068 m | 1524 m | 2592 m |
| Workman | 123 | 232 | 330 | 753 | 505 | 200 | 146 | 325 | 1437 m | 1176 m | 2613 m |
| Norman | 127 | 127 | 223 | 674 | 525 | 377 | 244 | 319 | 1150 m | 1465 m | 2615 m |
| Colemak | 130 | 127 | 116 | 842 | 747 | 200 | 141 | 315 | 1214 m | 1402 m | 2616 m |
| Middlemak | 134 | 127 | 207 | 847 | 440 | 460 | 189 | 306 | 1314 m | 1396 m | 2710 m |
| Semimak | 238 | 237 | 326 | 390 | 506 | 200 | 450 | 393 | 1191 m | 1549 m | 2739 m |
| Dvorak | 205 | 54 | 34 | 692 | 753 | 285 | 395 | 396 | 984 m | 1829 m | 2813 m |
| QWERTY | 130 | 127 | 670 | 1413 | 1169 | 452 | 450 | 418 | 2340 m | 2489 m | 4829 m |
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because D is technically on a slight diagonal because of the row stagger. A technicality really.
The right index finger is low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, Middlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks.
Zoom in on index fingers
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Total | Index Finger % of total distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L Index | R Index | L+R Index | L+R Index | |
| MTGAP | 246 | 667 | 913 m | 35% |
| Workman | 753 | 505 | 1259 m | 48% |
| Norman | 674 | 525 | 1200 m | 46% |
| Colemak | 842 | 747 | 1589 m | 61% |
| Middlemak | 847 | 440 | 1287 m | 47% |
| Semimak | 390 | 506 | 896 m | 33% |
| Dvorak | 692 | 753 | 1445 m | 51% |
| QWERTY | 1413 | 1169 | 2582 m | 53% |
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when Middlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the total index finger distance is still significantly reduced.
Hand Balance based on Distance
This is the distance in percentages for all the fingers (unlike the raw distances in metres above) so that I can add them up to look at hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 41.2* | 58.8 | 1.43 | 11.3 | 4.5 | 15.9 | 9.5 | 25.7 | 12.3 | 8.4 | 12.3 |
| Workman | 55.0 | 45.0* | 0.82 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 28.8 | 19.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 12.5 |
| Norman | 44.0 | 56.0 | 1.27 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 25.8 | 20.1 | 14.4 | 9.3 | 12.2 |
| Colemak | 46.4 | 53.6* | 1.15 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 32.2 | 28.6 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 12.0 |
| Middlemak | 48.5 | 51.5* | 1.06 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 31.2 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 11.3 |
| Semimak | 43.5 | 56.5* | 1.30 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 18.5 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 14.4 |
| Dvorak | 35.0* | 65.0 | 1.86 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 24.6 | 26.8 | 10.1 | 14.0 | 14.1 |
| QWERTY | 48.5 | 51.5 | 1.06 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 13.9 | 29.3 | 24.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts. I used this mostly for hand balance calcs. But some people think in terms of percentages, so you can see the breakdown for each finger. You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
Hand Balance based on Frequency
Now we’re shifting to frequency. You can see the data for all the fingers, this is enlightening on its own. I also add them up to look at the hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 49.9* | 50.0 | 1.00 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 9.8 | 9.4 |
| Workman | 50.7 | 49.3* | 0.97 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 9.7 | 9.5 |
| Norman | 51.7 | 48.3 | 0.93 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 8.1 |
| Colemak | 46.7 | 53.2* | 1.14 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 9.8 |
| Middlemak | 48.8 | 51.2* | 1.05 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 21.4 | 13.7 | 19.6 | 9.9 | 8.0 |
| Semimak | 46.6 | 53.4* | 1.15 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 15.0 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 10.7 |
| Dvorak | 44.8* | 55.3 | 1.23 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 11.7 |
| QWERTY | 56.5 | 43.5 | 0.77 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 23.4 | 18.8 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
Hand Balance Distance + Frequency
This is the same chart that was above, just for a summary.| Keyboard | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| Middlemak | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant. Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two.
Frequency-off-home-row (F.O.H.R.)
At the risk of too much information, another way to look at this is the frequency that’s off-home-row. I.e. the frequency that is not under the fingers.Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance. Neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L+R Index | Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 4.0 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 14.9% | 36% |
| Workman | 1.5 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 20.3% | 51% |
| Norman | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 18.8% | 47% |
| Colemak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 25.7% | 65% |
| Middlemak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 12.7 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 20.0% | 48% |
| Semimak | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 14.7% | 34% |
| Dvorak | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 23.4% | 53% |
| QWERTY | 1.6 | 2.1 | 11.6 | 21.4 | 18.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 40.0% | 53% |
Also insightful is “Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR”. It shows that on Middlemak the index fingers do 48% of all frequency-off-home-row, quite reasonable. Whereas on Colemak the index fingers have 65% of all frequency-off-home-row, very high. Workman is just a tad higher with the index fingers doing 51% of frequency-off-home-row. Dvorak’s and Qwerty’s 53% for index fingers is a bit deceiving though, it appears low but that's because the overall total F.O.H.R. is much higher.
This is similar to “Zoom in on the index fingers”, but this shows an even greater difference between Middlemak and Colemak. Recall Middlemaks was 47% and Colemaks was 61% for the index finger % of total distance. Same thing, when the distances to the diagonals are levelled out, the frequency shines.
Excessive amount of detail on letters
You really don’t need to read this, this is mostly from a previous writeup (I did clean and add more) that is decent enough that I decided to keep it. You can read it if you have any lingering or specific Q on specific letters.The R and L position
L pairs well with R for low SFB. After finessing with options, the home row can be arranged to ASRT and L can be put above R on the middle-finger-upper-row, a very desirable location.I’m sure the R and S location will attract attention, so I’ll discuss it more here. Whether to go with ASRT with L above the R, or ARST with L above the S was not the simplest choice.
[Note that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is more common than SF/FS, so Colemak had to move S to the middle finger.]
ASRT with L above R:
The pros of ASRT is it gives fewer SFB, with LRL being less than half as common as SL/LS. It also gives fewer ring-to-pinky-rolls with SA being far less common than Colemak’s RA. It also makes it much easier to learn from Qwerty.The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers than Colemak’s RA on the ring-to-pinky fingers. Colemak’s RA is much more common than Middlemak’s RS too.
ARST with L above S
The pros of ARST is that it gives an inside roll of RS. It also separates R from the NFB letters on the index finger, which do add up. However, I’m trying to resolve the NFBs of Colemak’s right hand H and L with E which is a magnitude larger, in addition to the pinballing that it creates which requires moving L.The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
Verdict: ASRT
None of these are huge deal breakers for one or the other. I went with lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and much easier to learn. At the cost of some NFB on the index finger and inside roll of RS.(If someone comes from Colemak and wants ARST, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. Mostly the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB of SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
D position and why not curl?
Why on the upper-row instead of middle-row? First, I think most people find it easier to reach up and down rather than laterally. Second, it works very well with the LD roll.Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as Qwerty for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same. I also think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers - which cover 6 to 7 letters.
I previously said that I’m not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But Colemak’s L has a ton of NFBs with the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So MIddlemak has far lower same-hand-gymnastics.
P and G location
It’s better to move G than keep it in its Qwerty location.P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
O location
O and E together give very low SFB. This is a great opportunity to put them together. The strong middle finger only has 3 keys, so it can handle two very frequent letters.U, Y and F locations
U works pretty well with I, the SFB are reasonably low. This location also creates a nice OU and YOU roll.Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. I broke down the numbers in SFB section.
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. The F location works quite well for both moderate frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
2023.03.09 04:51 someguy3 Middlemak
This is a new writeup for Middlemak (renamed since my previous post). Named for the emphasis on the middle finger and use of the middle-finger-upper-row locations for frequent letters
Link to Layout
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of NFB.
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this particular outside roll to be the most awkward movement on the keyboard.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (This layout was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 of them on the middle-finger-upper-row, and the 11th common letter goes on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Dvorak places them on the centre column, along with upper-row-ring-and-pinky. That means Dvorak has both a lateral movement, ring finger to upper row, and the very bad pinky finger to upper row. Workman has one middle-finger-upper-row, one ring-finger-upper-row, and one on the index-finger-lower-row. It’s a bit of a mixed layout.
Putting frequent letters on the middle fingers also unloads the index fingers and spreads out the work to other fingers. The index fingers can get very busy with 6-7 letters.
Middlemak’s left hand does have D on the index finger. Where to place that 11th letter is a hard choice. Many find the ring finger to not be very dexterous. So keeping W there works for both its lowish frequency and keeping Qwerty similarity. That puts the 11th common letter on to the more dexterous index finger. Pairing D with T works very well for low SFB and to put it on the consonant hand.
(Why not curl for D? Answered in a separate section below.)
To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First it moves common consonant L from the vowel hand and to the consonant hand.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it is almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it gives inside rolls, with virtually no pinballing back to H.
Combined, this increases alternating and reduces pinballing/redirects/one-hand-gymnastics.
This increases alternating, but it's not entirely. Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N, I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row as opposed to Colemak’s H and L. For H, they are now inside rolls.
You might ask if pinballing is still there because overall the right hand still has N and H. Colemak has what I call the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of. Middlemak reduces the wall to NMFPJ, which is much lower frequency. (I don’t include Y in the wall because it’s a vowel and most of its bigrams are on the opposite hand.) For H, it gives an inside roll to the vowels. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ, which is still an inside roll. Generally only after the third letter can it start to redirect/pinball back to the vowels or H. The main pinballing/redirect that I can think of is the word “their”.
I’ll cover Colemak first to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are very common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are off the home row. Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs and improve comfort.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of FE/EF and YE/EY is drastically lower. It maintains M for Qwerty similarity, which has a moderate amount.
Looking at other layouts, Workman still has high NFB with L. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new H location more comfortable, but it’s still a ton of NFB. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from the E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution but requires a complete layout change. Semimak put E and I on the ring finger, which is an interesting idea to get them away from the index finger. But that puts a ton of frequency and movement on the ring finger, which is not so strong or dexterous
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it doesn't feel too bad. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements.
Having said all that, I’m going to take a stab at it.
Notes: >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant. The hand balance ratios are based on each hand's frequency/distance, right hand divided by left hand. E.g. Middlemak: 51.2% right hand frequency divided by 48.8% left hand frequency equals 1.05. Colemak: 53.2% right hand frequency divided by 46.7% left hand frequency equals 1.14. Those charts will be further down. Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two ratios. I did this because having more frequency and more movement on the same hand amplifies the hand dominance. They both matter. Or if one hand has more frequency and the other hand has more movement, that would mitigate it to some degree. This is by no means the most definitive way to look at it, but it's what I've managed to come up with. The "Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant" is a hard math thing to explain (that I hope I'm right about anyway). E.g. for Workman listing 0.80 gives the wrong impression the hand dominance is equivalent to 1.2 (20%). But it's actually 1.26 (26%), obtained from 1/0.8=1.26.
MIddlemak is more balanced on both frequency distribution and distance distribution. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak has 1.11 hand balance, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
The ratio changes quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator change and go in opposite directions. Moving L does exactly this, changes both the numerator and denominator. So Middlemak does balance the hands quite well (as well as drastically reducing pinballing and NFBs).
I’ll add more charts in “Excessive amounts of detail” below for both frequency and distance. It’s just excessive for this section. Those will break down frequencies and distances for each finger too, which can be enlightening.
Notes: This is with index finger pressing C location, which is how I think most people type. Data is from Myzner revisited in millions, which only has letter bigrams and doesn’t include punctuation, that’s what the 0’s are.
Note that adding in punctuation SFB, the numbers would be higher. But adding in punctuation Colemak, Colemak-DH, and Middlemak would all increase by similar absolute amounts. So that means the relative differences between them would actually be smaller than what's shown here.
For Middlemak. You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB. Overall the numbers are low considering that it’s based on Qwerty similarity.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it works well. NY is not as common as you may think, for example it’s actually less common than EU / UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY / YN is 2,761 / 373. While EU / UE is 878 / 4,158. And MY / YM is 1,753 / 668. Having the Y on the index finger does add up a little bit, but I think it’s still easily manageable. The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is really not common. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
Overall percentage (with the index finger pressing C, how I think most people type), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Aside: Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost, but it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Notes: This is with the middle finger pressing C location. This basically moves SFB from the index finger to the middle finger. (For MTGAP it changes punctuation, not letters, so it’s the same.)
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in CR and CL. Colemak on Ortho takes a much bigger dip taking out CT and putting in SC, which is lower.
I think Middlemak on Ortho works well. It does have CL which is a two row jump, but that’s about it.
The full Mayzner numbers:
CT / TC is 12,998 / 737, which is taken out on Middlemak and Colemak Ortho.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CR / RC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. If you add in all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS / SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. If you add in all the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A bigger dip.
Overall percentages (with the middle finger pressing C Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which oddly says MIddlemak increases. I think it comes down to the data set used, for the charts above I used Mayzer revisited.
On the right hand the outside roll of ring-to-pinky of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common, and even YO is pretty common.
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand.
I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit in a few different ways. First is limiting the ring-to-pinky rolls makes the pinky overall easier. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. These aren’t knock-outs, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit which is worth mentioning.
First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same “order”, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R when typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
Comparing layouts:
When you account for letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make MiddleMak even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc.
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply doesn’t work with keeping Qwerty similarity and low SFB.
4) I mention this above but I’ll cover more. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity: wanting to both put a common letter, O, on the upper-row-middle-finger and keep M on the index-finger-bottom-row. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO on the middle finger with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Second, I think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers which cover 6 to 7 letters (instead of the other fingers covering 3). So we can preserve C and M from Qwerty.
Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
OU feels very comfortable.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move and outside roll, but feels comfortable.
Putting OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Colemak’s issues:
1) Colemak’s has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H, but D isn’t the best either.
2) The right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak’s pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak’s hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are separate items, although they can be related.)
5) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
6) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of reversing S and R.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the hand balance, 5) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 6) it changes an absolute ton of letters. It’s pretty much a full change layout. Shortcuts are still accessible, but the layout changes a ton.
Why would you choose Colemak? I think iff you type “properly” pressing C with the middle finger (I think most people press it with the index finger) and desire low SFB to the point that you accept the issues outlined above. If you type with your index finger pressing C (how I think most people type), then Middlemak is barely any more SFB and it fixes many issues.
[First note though that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is far more common than SF/FS, so Colemak had to move S to the middle finger.]
The pros of this is ASRT gives fewer SFB, with LRL being less than half as common as SL/LS. It also gives fewer ring-to-pinky-rolls with SA being far less common than Colemak’s RA. It also makes it much easier to learn from Qwerty.
The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers, than Colemak’s RA ring-to-pinky fingers. RA is much more common than RS too.
The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA, which I find uncomfortable. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
(If someone is coming from Colemak and wants to make it ARST for various reasons, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. The downsides are the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it really does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work, I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it, so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as QWERTY for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same.
I previously wrote that I was not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But with Colemak’s L there are a ton of Near Finger Bigrams with all the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So this has lower same hand gymnastics.
P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. NY/YN is not as common as you may think (it’s less common than EU/UE for example).
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. Putting F there works quite well for both lower frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. SA is 30,709 vs HA is 26,488 (millions, from Mayzner revisited).
The bad. On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher with IA and UA. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher. On the left hand, TH is just that common. On the right hand, it removes the remarkable low vowel-to-H trend and replaces it with decent outside rolls to A.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls (inside rolls), with both A to all other fingers and H to all other fingers. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls (outside rolls). Overall, the total sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is decreased. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower. But I think the inside rolls are fine - when I type on Colemak I don’t find much of a problem with A to other fingers.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
You don’t need to read this all, but if you want to know different measurements between layouts, this is some data. This is also (mostly) in Norman/wiki.
*Source: 62 page / 31k word compilation. Left index used to press Qwerty C location. Includes punctuation.
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good. Most alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row instead of H increases distance, because O is more frequent than H. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
*All distances in metres. Same source as table above.
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers, because they have 6-7 letters.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because D is technically on a slight diagonal because of the row stagger. That’s a technicality really
The right index finger is quite low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, MIddlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks, almost half the distance travelled.
Here you can really see how much work the index fingers do. Middlemak’s sum of the index fingers is nice and low.
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when MIddlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the index finger total is still significantly reduced to quite low levels.
* indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no vowel hand). Ratio of >1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant.
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
* indicates vowel hand (Norman and Qwerty are mixed enough that there is no vowel hand). The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that indicates the differences between the layouts better (>1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant).
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts. I used this mostly for hand balance. But some people think in terms of percentages, so you can see the breakdown for each finger. You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
Where this differs from frequency: The distance the index fingers travel is higher because of the diagonal distances. (This was also highlighted in the zoom in on the index fingers part, just broken into more fingers here.)
(>1 indicates right hand dominant, <1 indicates left hand dominant).
Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two. I did this because having more frequency and more movement on the same hand amplifies the hand dominance. Or if one hand had more frequency and the other hand had more movement, that would mitigate it to some degree. This is by no means the best or most definitive way to look at it, but it's what I've managed to come up with.
The "Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant" is a hard math thing to explain (that I hope I'm right about anyway). E.g. For workman listing 0.80 gives the wrong impression the hand dominance is equivalent to 1.2 (20%). But it's actually 1.26 (26%), because you'd have to multiply 0.80 by 1.26 to get 1.0.
It’s different enough from the distances to warrant mentioning. Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance, neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
I did this after noticing, on Colemak, that my right index finger moves off the home row a lot, which this confirms. The long distance to B on the left hand skews the distance travelled.
More insightful is “Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR”. It shows that on Middlemak the index fingers do 48% of all frequency-off-home-row, quite low. That means 53% goes to the other fingers. Whereas on Colemak the index fingers have 65% of all frequency-off-home-row, very high, and only 35% goes to the other fingers. Workman is just a tad higher with the index fingers doing 51% of frequency-off-home-row. Dvorak’s and Qwerty’s 53% for index fingers is a bit deceiving though, it appears low but that's because the overall total F.O.H.R. is much higher.
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Link to Layout
QWLDG JFOU: ASRTP YNEIH ZXCVB KM,./The main design criteria was:
1) Use the middle-finger-upper-row position. The middle finger is a very strong finger, and the middle-finger-upper-row is a very good location for a common letter.
2) To reduce pinballing by putting most vowels on the right hand and putting most of the frequent consonants on the left hand.
3) Reduce the number of NFB.
4) Improve hand balance.
5) Keep SFB down of course.
6) A secondary design criteria was low ring-to-pinky-rolls. I find this particular outside roll to be the most awkward movement on the keyboard.
7) Maintain Qwerty similarity to make it easier to learn.
These are all discussed in more detail below. (This layout was based on Colemak so I’ll be talking in that sense for some of it.)
1) Middle-Finger-Upper-Row
The main purpose of this layout is to place 2 common letters on the middle-finger-upper-row. The middle finger is very strong and these are excellent locations that are easy to reach. Then the 11th letter is placed on the index-finger-upper-row.When you look at the letter frequency, there are 11 common letters before it takes a big drop off. The first eight letters go on the home row under the fingers. The next question is where do the next 3 letters go. Middlemak’s philosophy is to place 2 of them on the middle-finger-upper-row, and the 11th common letter goes on the index-finger-upper-row. Colemak places 2 on the centre columns, requiring a lateral movement that many find uncomfortable. Dvorak places them on the centre column, along with upper-row-ring-and-pinky. That means Dvorak has both a lateral movement, ring finger to upper row, and the very bad pinky finger to upper row. Workman has one middle-finger-upper-row, one ring-finger-upper-row, and one on the index-finger-lower-row. It’s a bit of a mixed layout.
Putting frequent letters on the middle fingers also unloads the index fingers and spreads out the work to other fingers. The index fingers can get very busy with 6-7 letters.
Middlemak’s left hand does have D on the index finger. Where to place that 11th letter is a hard choice. Many find the ring finger to not be very dexterous. So keeping W there works for both its lowish frequency and keeping Qwerty similarity. That puts the 11th common letter on to the more dexterous index finger. Pairing D with T works very well for low SFB and to put it on the consonant hand.
(Why not curl for D? Answered in a separate section below.)
2) Pinballing.
(I wrote about pinballing in length here). The short of it is that there is an incredibly strong interaction between vowels and the consonants, with 75% of all bigrams between vowels and consonants. Pinballing.can arise from having too many vowels and consonants on the same hand.To reduce pinballing Middlemak does two things:
First it moves common consonant L from the vowel hand and to the consonant hand.
Second it moves H to the pinky. H is a very unique letter because it is almost always followed by a vowel. Moving H to the pinky means it gives inside rolls, with virtually no pinballing back to H.
Combined, this increases alternating and reduces pinballing/redirects/one-hand-gymnastics.
This increases alternating, but it's not entirely. Middlemak still has rolls because it has N, H, and MKFJ. For N, I find the rolls to be comfortable, likely because N is on the home row as opposed to Colemak’s H and L. For H, they are now inside rolls.
You might ask if pinballing is still there because overall the right hand still has N and H. Colemak has what I call the NHLMKJ wall, it’s a wall of consonants that the vowels pinball off of. Middlemak reduces the wall to NMFPJ, which is much lower frequency. (I don’t include Y in the wall because it’s a vowel and most of its bigrams are on the opposite hand.) For H, it gives an inside roll to the vowels. After the vowel, it generally continues to the consonants NMFPJ, which is still an inside roll. Generally only after the third letter can it start to redirect/pinball back to the vowels or H. The main pinballing/redirect that I can think of is the word “their”.
3) Near Finger BIgrams
NFB are bigrams that are on adjacent fingers. Too many or an uncomfortable arrangement can be an issue. NFB and pinballing are separate issues. NFB are the smaller pattern of adjacent fingers. Pinballing is the much larger pattern of pinballing between all vowels and constantsI’ll cover Colemak first to highlight the issue. On Colemak there are very common NFBs with HE and LE/EL. There is also NE/EN, but I find the HE and EL/LE to be awkward because L and H are off the home row. Pretty much all E bigrams are fairly high. I think you want to move common consonants away from E to reduce NFBs and improve comfort.
Middlemak drastically reduces the NFBs by moving the common letters L and H off the adjacent index finger. The replacement of FE/EF and YE/EY is drastically lower. It maintains M for Qwerty similarity, which has a moderate amount.
Looking at other layouts, Workman still has high NFB with L. Colemak-DH maintains L and H next to E. Many find the new H location more comfortable, but it’s still a ton of NFB. MTGAP moved practically all letters away from the E and O and instead put punctuation there, a very good solution but requires a complete layout change. Semimak put E and I on the ring finger, which is an interesting idea to get them away from the index finger. But that puts a ton of frequency and movement on the ring finger, which is not so strong or dexterous
Middlemak does create some NFB with O placement. Namely OF, ON, and OM. However OF and ON are very comfortable, having the middle finger extended up feels pretty comfortable. OM is ok, and it’s the least common of those 3. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like, but it doesn't feel too bad. This is about the best location for a scissor-gram too, with the long-middle-finger up and the curl-index-finger down being able to handle it fairly well. (Just to mention Colemak’s EL/LE, not exactly a scissor-gram, is bad since the shorter index finger has to reach up and the middle finger is so long it’s already curled just to be on the home row.)
Overall, Middlemak moving common consonants away from E drastically lowers the number of NFBs and takes away a ton of awkward movements.
4) Hand balance
Hand balance is a difficult topic. The two most obvious metrics for hand dominance are 1) the frequency of the letters, and 2) the distance the hand has to travel (which is different from frequency because you don't travel to the home-row). But those metrics are not completely sufficient to describe what’s going on because possible pinballing from having too many vowels and consonants on the same hand doesn’t show in the numbers.Having said all that, I’m going to take a stab at it.
| Keyboard | Vowel Hand | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Left | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Right | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | n/a | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| MiddleMak | Right | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Left | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | n/a | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
MIddlemak is more balanced on both frequency distribution and distance distribution. When both are considered, it really adds up to being more balanced. Middlemak has 1.11 hand balance, compared to Colemak’s 1.32 or Workman’s 1.26.
The ratio changes quite quickly because both the numerator and the denominator change and go in opposite directions. Moving L does exactly this, changes both the numerator and denominator. So Middlemak does balance the hands quite well (as well as drastically reducing pinballing and NFBs).
I’ll add more charts in “Excessive amounts of detail” below for both frequency and distance. It’s just excessive for this section. Those will break down frequencies and distances for each finger too, which can be enlightening.
5) SFB
The SFB of this layout is still pretty low, but it does come out a tad higher than Colemak’s. I’ve debated how to show this and decided to go with the full nuclear detailed numbers. Data is from Myzner revisited in millions, which only has letter bigrams and doesn’t include punctuation, that’s what the 0’s are.| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 185,270 | 125,920 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 54,502 | 68,651 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 |
| Workman | 78,147 | 29,268 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 2,806 | 21,645 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 |
| Dvorak | 70,570 | 28,306 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 28,275 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 |
| MiddleMak | 44,698 | 25,806 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 2,716 | 20,323 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 |
| Colemak | 39,023 | 23,336 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 639 | 20,323 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
Note that adding in punctuation SFB, the numbers would be higher. But adding in punctuation Colemak, Colemak-DH, and Middlemak would all increase by similar absolute amounts. So that means the relative differences between them would actually be smaller than what's shown here.
For Middlemak. You can see it’s not all that much of an increase in SFB. Overall the numbers are low considering that it’s based on Qwerty similarity.
On the left hand: The middle finger goes up with R and L. This was to allow more consonants on the left hand and use of the middle-finger-upper-row. I think the middle finger being a strong finger and comfortable reach can handle these quite well. The index finger is the same as Colemak.
On the right hand: The right index goes up a little bit, mostly with NY and MY. It’s not all that much but it is more. I think it works well. NY is not as common as you may think, for example it’s actually less common than EU / UE. The exact Mayzner numbers are: NY / YN is 2,761 / 373. While EU / UE is 878 / 4,158. And MY / YM is 1,753 / 668. Having the Y on the index finger does add up a little bit, but I think it’s still easily manageable. The middle finger actually goes down, EO/OE is really not common. The ring finger goes up a bit with UI/IU being more common than Colemak’s IY/YI.
Overall percentage (with the index finger pressing C, how I think most people type), Middlemak comes in at 2.078%, vs Colemak’s 1.815%, vs Workmans 3.053%, vs Qwerty’s 6.264%.
Aside: Colemak really did a good job finding low SFB pairings of SF, DT, NHL, and IY. So changing 3 of those pairings does come at a cost, but it’s done so that Middlemak can put more frequent letters to better spots, reduce pinballing, and reduce NFB. I think the SFB is in the same realm as Colemak, it’s still pretty low.
Ortho SFB
| Keyboard | Total SFB | Left hand SFB | Right hand SFB | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QWERTY | 195,687 | 136,337 | 59,350 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 86,462 | 47,108 | 34,166 | 3,970 | 21,214 | 0 |
| Workman | 79,561 | 30,682 | 48,878 | 1,105 | 3,712 | 8,206 | 17,659 | 27,338 | 5,037 | 16,503 | 0 |
| Dvorak | 70,365 | 28,101 | 42,264 | 0 | 31 | 1,591 | 26,480 | 12,142 | 16,265 | 8,229 | 5,629 |
| MiddleMak | 42,816 | 23,924 | 18,892 | 1,105 | 1,661 | 14,888 | 6,270 | 12,415 | 3,134 | 3,343 | 0 |
| Colemak | 30,032 | 14,345 | 15,687 | 1,105 | 1,267 | 5,702 | 6,270 | 9,831 | 5,037 | 819 | 0 |
| MTGAP | 34,151 | 14,550 | 19,601 | 1,147 | 339 | 3,134 | 9,931 | 4,629 | 8,633 | 5,071 | 1,267 |
Middlemak on Ortho actually comes in just a tad lower, but Colemak takes a bigger dip. On Middlemak, ortho takes out CT and puts in CR and CL. Colemak on Ortho takes a much bigger dip taking out CT and putting in SC, which is lower.
I think Middlemak on Ortho works well. It does have CL which is a two row jump, but that’s about it.
The full Mayzner numbers:
CT / TC is 12,998 / 737, which is taken out on Middlemak and Colemak Ortho.
Middlemak Ortho puts in CR / RC which is 4,214 / 3,423. And puts in CL / LC which is 4,202 / 333. In percentages, CR is 32% of CT, RC is 26% of CT, and CL is 32% of CT. If you add in all the others (CP, CG, etc), Middlemak Ortho comes in at 87% of CT+TC. Just a tad lower.
Colemak Ortho puts in CS / SC, which is 644 / 4,363. CF/ FC is pretty much nill. In percentages, SC is 34% of CT. If you add in all the others, Colemak Ortho comes in at 36% of CT+TC. A bigger dip.
Overall percentages (with the middle finger pressing C Ortho style), Middlemak comes in at 2.16%, vs Colemak’s 1.669%, vs Workman’s 3.147%, vs Qwerty’s 6.575%. This is from Colemak-DH analyzer which oddly says MIddlemak increases. I think it comes down to the data set used, for the charts above I used Mayzer revisited.
6) Low ring-to-pinky rolls. And the amazing inside roll from H.
On the left hand, Middlemak’s ring-to-pinky roll of SA and WA relatively low. SA is actually the lowest bigram between the common consonants to A. So SA and WA comes out to be a good design. The only way to get this ring-to-pinky roll down any further is to move A to the right hand, which greatly reduces any ease of transition. Vs Colemak: Middlemak’s SA outside roll is less common than Colemak’s RA. Additionally, the inside roll of AS is also less common than Colemak’s AR.On the right hand the outside roll of ring-to-pinky of IH and UH is very low. Vs Colemak: IO is very common, and even YO is pretty common.
This next bit isn’t even a secondary design goal, but it’s worth mentioning. On the right hand, outside rolls from any of the fingers to the pinky H are very low. The common letters that come before H are usually TH, CH, WH, SH, and GH. All of those are on the opposite left hand. Doing the math, 97% of the letters before H are on the left hand.
I think this also de-emphasizes the pinky a bit in a few different ways. First is limiting the ring-to-pinky rolls makes the pinky overall easier. Second, the frequency of H is much lower than Colemak’s O. Third, the bigram HH is virtually nill, vs Colemak’s OO which is pretty common. These aren’t knock-outs, but I think they add up to de-emphasizing the pinky a bit which is worth mentioning.
7) Qwerty similarity.
Last but not least, this maintains Qwerty similarity. Most people have a lot of muscle memory and Qwerty similarity makes a new layout much easier to learn.First, this maintains the bottom row (except N) and maintains Q, W, A, and S.
Second, this “keeps” the ASRT order. People learning Colemak commonly say that R and S are reversed. Technically it’s not because R was never on the middle finger to begin with. But it seems to be reversed in the brain. I think it’s two things. First ASRT keeps it in the same “order”, with R between S and T, even if R changes fingers. Second, I wonder how many people alt-fingered R when typing in Qwerty, either all the time or for the RT bigram.
Comparing layouts:
- Middlemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 5 letters moving on the same finger and 11 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak: 10 letters stay in their original spot and 16 move, with 4 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
- Colemak-DH: 5 letters stay in their original spot and 21 move, with 6 letters moving on the same finger and 15 letters switching fingers.
- Workman: 6 letters stay in their original spot and 20 move, with 8 letters moving on the same finger and 12 letters switching fingers.
When you account for letters swapping on the same finger, this has fewer changes than Colemak. And I think “keeping” the ASRT order will make MiddleMak even easier to adopt than the numbers suggest.
Downsides
1) There is a slight increase in SFB compared to Colemak. But overall I think SFB is still low.2) There are a handful of NFB with R: BR, GR, PR, etc. Same with L and BL. This isn’t enough to change the home row to ARST. There is more below but ASRT has lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and is easier to learn. Also note these are much lower than the extremely high NFB that Colemak has with HE, LE, etc.
3) I wanted a less common letter in the G location (Qwerty T location). I really tried to put a less common letter there, but it simply doesn’t work with keeping Qwerty similarity and low SFB.
4) I mention this above but I’ll cover more. The OM scissor-gram is a bit more common than I'd like. This is a limitation of keeping Qwerty similarity: wanting to both put a common letter, O, on the upper-row-middle-finger and keep M on the index-finger-bottom-row. (MTGAP has a good design on this. It paired its EO on the middle finger with a lot of punctuation on the index finger to reduce NFBs.)
Q: Why not curl?
First, I think after the eight spots on the home row, the next most comfortable positions are the middle finger upper row. This is a strong finger, an easy to reach location, and it unloads the index finger.Second, I think C and M (the curl locations) are already near perfect frequencies for those locations. Those are the middle of the pack frequencies, which are perfect for the index fingers which cover 6 to 7 letters (instead of the other fingers covering 3). So we can preserve C and M from Qwerty.
Conclusion
I'm really happy with this layout. I think it is a great combination of pretty low SFB, good use of the strong middle finger upper room position, reduced NFB and pinballing, keeping Qwerty similarity, and easy to transition to.Honestly I’m surprised no one else has stumbled on this arrangement, since many people have taken to trying to fix Colemak’s issues and keep Qwerty similarity.
Some nice rolls and combinations
Although the goal was to increase alternating, there are still plenty of rolls left. And combinations too between hands. Some I want to mention:HE is very easy.
LD feels very good.
IO and ION are very nice rolls.
OU feels very comfortable.
IOU is a redirect, but overall feels pretty ok.
YOU has a lateral move and outside roll, but feels comfortable.
Putting OU+LD together to make OULD feels good.
This maintains the nice IEN roll.
OF/FO is very common and feels very good.
The very common TH, THE, and THE_ feel very nice not having to move the fingers off the home row.
Vs Colemak and Vs Colemak-DH
I made Middlemak to try to solve the problems I found with Colemak. The items probably all came out already but I’ll do a bit of a summary just to make sure. (I don’t mean this to be a hit piece on Colemak or Colemak-DH)Colemak’s issues:
1) Colemak’s has an issue with high lateral movement with D and H. You see this especially with H, but D isn’t the best either.
2) The right index finger is overworked. It just has too much to do with N, H, and L.
3) Colemak’s pinballing issue due to placing most vowels and many common consonants on the same hand.
4) Colemak’s hand balance issue. It places a lot of emphasis on the right hand with the vowels and several common consonants. (Hand dominance and pinballing are separate items, although they can be related.)
5) Colemak’s awkward ring-to-pinky rolls. Notably IO, YO (especially when typing YOU), and also RA on the right hand.
6) Not exactly a direct issue with Colemak, but Middlemak is easier to learn coming from Qwerty. Many new users want to ‘keep’ the order of ASRT instead of reversing S and R.
Colemak DH:
Colemak-DH solves 1) the lateral movements. But it doesn’t solve 2) the right index finger overwork, 3) the pinballing, 4) the hand balance, 5) the awkward ring-to-pinky rolls, and 6) it changes an absolute ton of letters. It’s pretty much a full change layout. Shortcuts are still accessible, but the layout changes a ton.
Why would you choose Colemak? I think iff you type “properly” pressing C with the middle finger (I think most people press it with the index finger) and desire low SFB to the point that you accept the issues outlined above. If you type with your index finger pressing C (how I think most people type), then Middlemak is barely any more SFB and it fixes many issues.
Excessive amount of detail on letters
The R and L position
L pairs well with R for low SFB. After finessing with options, the home row can be arranged to ASRT and L can be put above R on the middle-finger-upper-row, a very desirable location.ASRT with L above R:
I’m sure the R and S location will attract attention, so I’ll discuss it more here. Whether to go with ASRT with L above the R, or ARST with L above the S was not the simplest choice.[First note though that Colemak had to go with ARST because of F on the middle-finger-upper-row. RF/FR is far more common than SF/FS, so Colemak had to move S to the middle finger.]
The pros of this is ASRT gives fewer SFB, with LRL being less than half as common as SL/LS. It also gives fewer ring-to-pinky-rolls with SA being far less common than Colemak’s RA. It also makes it much easier to learn from Qwerty.
The cons is that the R position leads to more NFB with the index finger. Most of these feel ok but RD, GR, BR are not so good. These aren’t super common, but they are there. PR gives the commonly disliked lateral NFB, but I think it’s relatively ok for the frequency - it’s not super common. RS creates an outside roll, but I’d rather have the RS on Middlemak’s middle-to-ring fingers, than Colemak’s RA ring-to-pinky fingers. RA is much more common than RS too.
ARST with L above S
The pros of ARST is that it gives an inside roll of RS. It also separates R from the NFB letters on the index finger, which do add up. However, I’m trying to resolve the NFBs of Colemak’s right hand H and L with E which is a magnitude larger, in addition to the pinballing that it creates.The cons with ARST is that it gives more SFB. It’s not overly much, but it is there. It also gives a lot of ring-to-pinky outside rolls with RA, which I find uncomfortable. And finally this makes it much harder to learn coming from Qwerty.
Verdict: ASRT
None of these are huge deal breakers for one or the other. I went with lower SFB, lower ring-to-pinky rolls, and much easier to learn. At the cost of some NFB on the index finger and inside roll of RS.(If someone is coming from Colemak and wants to make it ARST for various reasons, they can. It's not a humongous downside to do that. The downsides are the more common RA ring-to-pinky roll and slightly more SFB SD/DS.)
(I hope people don’t think that I’m overly focused on keeping S in the Qwerty location. If it didn’t work, I wouldn’t have kept it. For this layout, it really does work better with ASRT. If it didn’t work, I would have changed it. For example, I wanted to keep G on its Qwerty location. But it’s better to move it, so I didn’t shy away from changing.)
D position
Why on the upper-row instead of middle-row? First, I think most people find it easier to reach up and down rather than laterally. Second, it works very well with the LD roll.Why not the bottom row? I want to leave the bottom row the same as QWERTY for ease of transition and to leave the shortcuts of cut-copy-paste the same.
I previously wrote that I was not a fan of Colemak’s L position, which is the same upper-row-index-finger. But with Colemak’s L there are a ton of Near Finger Bigrams with all the vowels, especially with E but also with all the other vowels. Looking at the whole hand, 62% of L bigrams are on the same hand. I think that’s the source of discomfort. But with Middlemak’s D, only 22% of bigrams are on the same hand, and 78% are on the opposite hand. So this has lower same hand gymnastics.
P and G location
It’s better to move G than keep it in its Qwerty location.P and G are pretty much the same frequency, so it doesn’t matter in that sense.
P has a SFB with T, and it has common bigrams of PR, SP, and even PA. Those work better with P on the middle row. There is PL, but the ones above outweigh it.
G has a bigram with NG. With N on the opposite hand, that means G can go on the worse diagonal spot. There is GR, but PR is far more common.
O location
O and E together give very low SFB. This is a great opportunity to put them together. The strong middle finger only has 3 keys, so it can take two common letters and unload the index finger.U, Y and F locations
U works pretty well with I, the SFB are reasonably low. This also creates a nice OU and YOU roll.Y goes to the index finger, which actually works pretty well. NY/YN is not as common as you may think (it’s less common than EU/UE for example).
F goes to the right hand index finger, because putting P or G on the right hand gives too many SFB with M and N. Putting F there works quite well for both lower frequency and low SFB. It has a lot of NFB with OF/FO, so placing it next to O makes a comfortable roll.
Option: Swap A and H
This gives:QWLDG JFOU: HSRTP YNEIA ZXCVB KM,./The good: This is good if you want to put all the vowels and most consonants on opposite hands. This increases alternating overall. More alternating comes from moving A. It actually decreases alternating with H, because TH is just that common. On normal Middlemak, A and H together have 48% of all their bigrams on the opposite hand. With the AH swap, that goes to 59% of bigrams on the opposite hand.
The neutral: On the left hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) of SH is slightly higher, but in a similar range. SA is 30,709 vs HA is 26,488 (millions, from Mayzner revisited).
The bad. On the right hand, the ring-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher with IA and UA. On both the right and left hand, the all-fingers-to-pinky (outside roll) is higher. On the left hand, TH is just that common. On the right hand, it removes the remarkable low vowel-to-H trend and replaces it with decent outside rolls to A.
The complicated: This option decreases the pinky-to-all-fingers rolls (inside rolls), with both A to all other fingers and H to all other fingers. It increases the all-fingers-to-pinky rolls (outside rolls). Overall, the total sum of inside rolls plus outside rolls is decreased. In short: this lowers inside rolls, increases outside rolls, with an overall sum that is lower. But I think the inside rolls are fine - when I type on Colemak I don’t find much of a problem with A to other fingers.
Basically stick to the original if you want to lower ring-to-pinky movement, lower outside rolls, and easier to learn.
So I can’t recommend this option for most people. I put it as an OK option if someone really wants to increase alternating hands.
Excessive amount of stats
This section has details on distance reductions, hand balance based on frequency, hand balance based on distance, and raw distance numbers. I'm going to give lots of charts. Some of this is repeated from above because the sequence tells a story.You don’t need to read this all, but if you want to know different measurements between layouts, this is some data. This is also (mostly) in Norman/wiki.
Distance reduction from Qwerty
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (miles) | (% reduction from Qwerty) | |
| MTGAP | 2.592 | 1.611 | 46.3% |
| Workman | 2.613 | 1.624 | 45.9% |
| Norman | 2.615 | 1.625 | 45.9% |
| Colemak | 2.616 | 1.625 | 45.8% |
| MiddleMak | 2.710 | 1.684 | 43.9% |
| Semimak | 2.739 | 1.702 | 43.3% |
| Dvorak | 2.813 | 1.748 | 41.8% |
| QWERTY | 4.829 | 3.001 | 0% |
Middlemak’s distance reduction is good. Most alt keyboards are in the same range. It’s a tad worse on distance than some others because putting O off the home row instead of H increases distance, because O is more frequent than H. (MTGAP puts O off the home row, but has all the punctuation on the diagonals to decrease distance.)
All Finger Distances
This is the raw distance travelled in metres. Percentages rely on the total distance travelled, which changes between layouts, so it's not comparable. Note that distance is different from frequency. The fingers don't move for the home row, the distance travelled is to the other letters.| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L Total | R Total | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 293 | 116 | 413 | 246 | 667 | 320 | 219 | 318 | 1068 m | 1524 m | 2592 m |
| Workman | 123 | 232 | 330 | 753 | 505 | 200 | 146 | 325 | 1437 m | 1176 m | 2613 m |
| Norman | 127 | 127 | 223 | 674 | 525 | 377 | 244 | 319 | 1150 m | 1465 m | 2615 m |
| Colemak | 130 | 127 | 116 | 842 | 747 | 200 | 141 | 315 | 1214 m | 1402 m | 2616 m |
| MiddleMak | 134 | 127 | 207 | 847 | 440 | 460 | 189 | 306 | 1314 m | 1396 m | 2710 m |
| Semimak | 238 | 237 | 326 | 390 | 506 | 200 | 450 | 393 | 1191 m | 1549 m | 2739 m |
| Dvorak | 205 | 54 | 34 | 692 | 753 | 285 | 395 | 396 | 984 m | 1829 m | 2813 m |
| QWERTY | 130 | 127 | 670 | 1413 | 1169 | 452 | 450 | 418 | 2340 m | 2489 m | 4829 m |
First, you can see Qwerty’s distances are extremely high. All the alternatives make big reductions.
Notice that the index fingers move way more than the other fingers, because they have 6-7 letters.
Middlemak balances this out decently and moves more distance to both middle fingers. The left index finger is still a bit high because it has D off the home row (this brings it back to the discussion of where does the 11th letter go). Middlemak’s left index is slightly higher than Colemak’s even though they have the same letters because D is technically on a slight diagonal because of the row stagger. That’s a technicality really
The right index finger is quite low, a good feature that the index finger next to the vowels doesn’t have to travel much. Compared to Colemak, MIddlemak’s movement is 41% lower than Colemaks, almost half the distance travelled.
Zoom in on index fingers
| Keyboard | Distance | Distance | Total | Index Finger % of total distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L Index | R Index | L+R Index | L+R Index | |
| MTGAP | 246 | 667 | 913 m | 35% |
| Workman | 753 | 505 | 1259 m | 48% |
| Norman | 674 | 525 | 1200 m | 46% |
| Colemak | 842 | 747 | 1589 m | 61% |
| MiddleMak | 847 | 440 | 1287 m | 47% |
| Semimak | 390 | 506 | 896 m | 33% |
| Dvorak | 692 | 753 | 1445 m | 51% |
| QWERTY | 1413 | 1169 | 2582 m | 53% |
You can also look at the percentage of travel with the index finger. Middlemak’s is down at 47% - meaning the index fingers are responsible for 47% of all the distance travelled. On Colemak the index fingers account for 61% the distance travelled, quite a big difference relatively. Workman and Norman are close to Middlemak. MTGAP and Semimak are very low. Dvorak and Qwerty percentages are a bit deceiving though - the higher index finger distances are hidden by the higher total amount of distance.
So even when MIddlemak’s left index finger doesn’t have a reduction in distance, the index finger total is still significantly reduced to quite low levels.
Hand Balance based on Frequency
Now we’re shifting to frequency. You can see the data for all the fingers, this is enlightening on its own. I also add them up to look at the hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 49.9* | 50.0 | 1.00 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 9.8 | 9.4 |
| Workman | 50.7 | 49.3* | 0.97 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 9.7 | 9.5 |
| Norman | 51.7 | 48.3 | 0.93 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 8.1 |
| Colemak | 46.7 | 53.2* | 1.14 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 9.8 |
| MiddleMak | 48.8 | 51.2* | 1.05 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 21.4 | 13.7 | 19.6 | 9.9 | 8.0 |
| Semimak | 46.6 | 53.4* | 1.15 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 15.0 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 10.7 |
| Dvorak | 44.8* | 55.3 | 1.23 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 11.7 |
| QWERTY | 56.5 | 43.5 | 0.77 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 15.4 | 23.4 | 18.8 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
The ratio between the hands can change quite quickly, so I think that highlights the differences between the layouts better than the percentages. I know it doesn't add up to 100%, the analyzer is doing some rounding or something behind the scenes, I'm not going to round any further.
E is so common that it bumps up any finger it’s on.
Middlemak’s left middle finger takes on a bit more work. The left index is still high because of D. The right index is notably lower taking off common letters. The right middle takes on more of the work with O. And the right pinky is lower too with the H there.
Hand Balance based on Distance
This is the distance in percentages for all the fingers (unlike the raw distances in metres above) so that I can add them up to look at hand balance.| Keyboard | Left hand | Right hand | Hand Balance Ratio | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 41.2* | 58.8 | 1.43 | 11.3 | 4.5 | 15.9 | 9.5 | 25.7 | 12.3 | 8.4 | 12.3 |
| Workman | 55.0 | 45.0* | 0.82 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 28.8 | 19.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 12.5 |
| Norman | 44.0 | 56.0 | 1.27 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 25.8 | 20.1 | 14.4 | 9.3 | 12.2 |
| Colemak | 46.4 | 53.6* | 1.15 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 32.2 | 28.6 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 12.0 |
| MiddleMak | 48.5 | 51.5* | 1.06 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 31.2 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 11.3 |
| Semimak | 43.5 | 56.5* | 1.30 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 18.5 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 14.4 |
| Dvorak | 35.0* | 65.0 | 1.86 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 24.6 | 26.8 | 10.1 | 14.0 | 14.1 |
| QWERTY | 48.5 | 51.5 | 1.06 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 13.9 | 29.3 | 24.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
I think the raw distances are better for comparison between layouts. I used this mostly for hand balance. But some people think in terms of percentages, so you can see the breakdown for each finger. You can see Middlemak spreads out the work. The pinkies are low, ring fingers are reasonable, middle takes on more, and the indexes have most of the distances.
Where this differs from frequency: The distance the index fingers travel is higher because of the diagonal distances. (This was also highlighted in the zoom in on the index fingers part, just broken into more fingers here.)
Hand Balance Distance + Frequency
This is the same chart that was above, so I won’t add anymore past the chart.| Keyboard | Dominant Hand | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency | Hand Balance ratio based on Distance | Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance | Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | Right | 1.00 | 1.43 | 1.43 | |
| Workman | Left | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 1.26 |
| Norman | Right | 0.93 | 1.27 | 1.19 | |
| Colemak | Right | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.32 | |
| MiddleMak | Right | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.11 | |
| Semimak | Right | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.49 | |
| Dvorak | Right | 1.23 | 1.86 | 2.30 | |
| QWERTY | Left | 0.77 | 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.22 |
Hand Balance ratio based on Frequency and Distance is a simple multiplication of the two. I did this because having more frequency and more movement on the same hand amplifies the hand dominance. Or if one hand had more frequency and the other hand had more movement, that would mitigate it to some degree. This is by no means the best or most definitive way to look at it, but it's what I've managed to come up with.
The "Corrected comparison number for left hand dominant" is a hard math thing to explain (that I hope I'm right about anyway). E.g. For workman listing 0.80 gives the wrong impression the hand dominance is equivalent to 1.2 (20%). But it's actually 1.26 (26%), because you'd have to multiply 0.80 by 1.26 to get 1.0.
Frequency-off-home-row (F.O.H.R.)
At the risk of too much information, another way to look at this is the frequency that’s off-home-row. I.e. the frequency that is not under the fingers. (Defining home row as the eight letters under the fingers.)It’s different enough from the distances to warrant mentioning. Distances weigh the keys differently, while frequency-off-home-row levels that field. This should be read in conjunction with distance, neither is better than the other, it’s just a different measurement.
I did this after noticing, on Colemak, that my right index finger moves off the home row a lot, which this confirms. The long distance to B on the left hand skews the distance travelled.
| Keyboard | L Pinky | L Ring | L Middle | L Index | R Index | R Middle | R Ring | R Pinky | L+R Index | Index FOHR as % of All fingers FOHR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTGAP | 4.0 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 14.9% | 36% |
| Workman | 1.5 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 20.3% | 51% |
| Norman | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 18.8% | 47% |
| Colemak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 25.7% | 65% |
| MiddleMak | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 12.7 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 20.0% | 48% |
| Semimak | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 14.7% | 34% |
| Dvorak | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 23.4% | 53% |
| QWERTY | 1.6 | 2.1 | 11.6 | 21.4 | 18.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 40.0% | 53% |
2023.03.04 04:03 AdCareful9846 Stihl vs husqvarna
Anyone else seem to find stihls much more reliable then husqvarnas? I have a stihl 362, 400, 460, 461, 500i and 661 and have never had any of them in the shop past 5 years…. I’ve bought 2 562xps they both blew up after 6 months and I had some carb issues with my 372xp…. And for some reason I have had good luck with jonsered 2258, 2166 and 2188 (besides a few broken pull strings on the 2188) why am I having such crap luck with husqvarnas
submitted by AdCareful9846 to Chainsaw [link] [comments]
2023.02.21 22:35 Greedylittle Considering backpack blower - looking for real-world reviews
 | Update: I bought it. Went together easily. I only had a few minutes between work commitments but the thing really blows. Turbo mode needs to be on for any real power. Will report back on battery life after I put it through its paces in the coming days. submitted by Greedylittle to ryobi [link] [comments] MODEL: #RY404170VNM (photo for attention) My 10-year-old Husqvarna has finally given up and needs to be replaced. I already have a 40v mower and two 6-ah batteries. I was dead against buying the backpack power in kit form but after looking at a new Husqvarna 150BT for $350 I am reconsidering. If the biggest drawback is battery life I would be able to feed the beast four BIG batteries. I have a typical suburban yard (roughly 1/4 acre) but I have a few big trees. Trying to simplify my life by removing things that require ongoing maintenance (like small engines). Looking for any real-world insights or reviews. YouTube/google is giving me very conflicting data points. https://preview.redd.it/gooldtp32mja1.png?width=1458&format=png&auto=webp&s=d706d3c52eb5d0d29e1f268d1b742f3a8297de97 |
2023.02.21 05:51 D2TournamentThreads The Lima Major Survival Guide
The Lima Major
Presented by 4D Esports & Epulze
Sponsored by AORUS • Memory Kings • Claro • VSG • Backus
- Location: Lima, Peru
- Date: February 22 - March 5, 2023
- Version: 7.32d
- 4D Esports Media: Twitter Facebook Instagram
- Epulze Media: Homepage Twitter YouTube Facebook Instagram
- Coverage: DPC Homepage Liquipedia Joindota GosuGamers Dotabuff Eventvods
Streams
EN: Hub Twitch 1 Twitch 2 Twitch 3 Twitch 4 Youtube Facebook RU: Twitch 1 Twitch 2 Twitch 3 Twitch 4 CN: bilibili 1 bilibili 2 bilibili 3 bilibili 4 PT: Twitch 1 Twitch 2 Twitch 3 Twitch 4 ES: Twitch Facebook 1 Facebook 2 Facebook 3 Facebook 4 YouTubeBroadcast Talent
Host:
CommentatoAnalyst:
- Jenkins (Andrew Jenkins)
- Ephey (Mira Riad)
- Sheepsticked (Alexandra Roberts)
- Fear (Clinton Loomis)
- Astini (Filipe Astini)
- Purge (Kevin Godec)
- WinteR (Chan Litt Binn)
- The Azathoth (Carlos Rios)
- Fogged (Ioannis Loucas)
- Lacoste (Dominik Stipić)
- Gareth (Gareth Bateson)
- Avo+ (Alvaro Sanchez Velasco)
- SeekNStrike (Richie Garcia)
- SVG (Avery Silverman)
- Cap (Austin Walsh)
- TrentPax (Trent MacKenzie)
- Lyrical (Gabriel Cruz)
Remote CommentatoAnalyst:
- ODPixel (Owen Davies)
- SUNSfan (Shannon Scotten)
- syndereN (Troels Lyngholt Nielsen)
- Dktruman (Tim de Lange)
- Bowie (Gustavo Mattos)
- MLPDota (Mike Le Phoenix)
- johnxfire (John Nathan Fernandez)
Observer:
- skrff (Rikard Holm Melin)
Teams
Tundra Esports: skiter, Nine, 33, Saksa, Sneyking, Coach: Aui_2000Team Liquid: miCKe, Nisha, zai, Boxi, iNSaNiA, Coach: Blitz
Entity: watson, Stormstormer, Tobi, Kataomi`, Fishman, Coach: MeTTpuM
Gaimin Gladiators: DyrachYO, Quinn, Ace, tOfu, Seleri, Coach: Cy-
BetBoom Team: Pure, gpk, Nightfall, Save-, TORONTOTOKYO, Coach: boolk
Team Aster: Monet, Xwy, Xxs, BoBoKa, Siamese.C, Coach: rOtK
Knights: eGo, AlaCrity-, Flyby, Felixciaoba, XCJ
EHOME: mks-, Night, xiaoyu, Salad, Lww, Coach: 圣子华炼
PSG.LGD: shiro, NothingToSay, old eLeVeN, planet, y`, Coach: xiao8
Team Spirit: Yatoro, Larl, Collapse, Mira, Miposhka, Coach: Silent
HellRaisers: Yuragi1, depressed kid, MieRo`, Antares, Solo
Talon Esports: 23savage, Mikoto, Jabz, Q, Oli, Coach: SunBhie
Execration: Palos, Bob, Tino, Shanks, BDz, Coach: March
Geek Slate: skem, Kokz, Force, NARMAN, Roddgeee, Coach: Sheep
Shopify Rebellion: Arteezy, Abed, SabeRLight-, Cr1t-, Fly, Coach: BuLba
TSM: Timado, Bryle, kasane, Ari, Whitemon, Coach: MoonMeander
Evil Geniuses: Pakazs, Chris Luck, Wisper, Matthew, Pandaboo, Coach: Vintage
beastcoast: K1, DarkMago, Sacred, Scofield, StingeR, Coach: Valqui
Format
Group Stage: Feb 22 - 26- Two groups of nine teams each
- Single round-robin
- All matches are Bo2
- Top four teams from each group advance to the upper bracket of the playoffs
- 5th and 6th place teams from each group advance to the lower bracket of the playoffs
- Remaining teams are eliminated
- Double-elimination bracket
- All matches except Grand Final are Bo3
- Grand Final is Bo5
Prize Pool
| Place | $ USD | DPC Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | $200,000 | 400 |
| 2nd | $100,000 | 350 |
| 3rd | $75,000 | 300 |
| 4th | $50,000 | 250 |
| 5th-6th | $25,000 | 200 |
| 7th-8th | $12,500 | 100 |
| 9th-12th | - | - |
| 13th-14th | - | - |
| 15th-16th | - | - |
| 17th-18th | - | - |
Schedule
Day 1 (Feb 22) - Group Stage
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt | Stream |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | PSG.LGD | vs | Evil Geniuses | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A2 | Talon Esports | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A3 | Team Spirit | vs | TSM | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A4 | Execration | vs | Tundra Esports | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B1 | Team Aster | vs | beastcoast | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B2 | Team Liquid | vs | HellRaisers | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B3 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | BetBoom Team | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B4 | Geek Slate | vs | Entity | 0:2 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| A5 | EHOME | vs | Tundra Esports | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A6 | Team Spirit | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A7 | Execration | vs | Talon Esports | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A8 | PSG.LGD | vs | TSM | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B5 | Knights | vs | Entity | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B6 | Team Liquid | vs | BetBoom Team | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B7 | HellRaisers | vs | Geek Slate | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B8 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Team Aster | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
Day 2 (Feb 23) - Group Stage
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt | Stream |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A11 | Evil Geniuses | vs | Talon Esports | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A12 | TSM | vs | Tundra Esports | 0:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A13 | PSG.LGD | vs | Team Spirit | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A14 | EHOME | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 0:2 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B9 | HellRaisers | vs | beastcoast | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B10 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Entity | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B11 | Team Aster | vs | BetBoom Team | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B12 | Team Liquid | vs | Knights | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| A13 | EHOME | vs | Execration | 1:1 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A14 | TSM | vs | Talon Esports | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A15 | Tundra Esports | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A16 | Team Spirit | vs | Evil Geniuses | 2:0 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B13 | Knights | vs | Geek Slate | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B14 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | HellRaisers | 2:0 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B15 | Team Liquid | vs | Entity | 2:0 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B16 | beastcoast | vs | BetBoom Team | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
Day 3 (Feb 24) - Group Stage
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt | Stream |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A13 | EHOME | vs | Evil Geniuses | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A14 | Execration | vs | TSM | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A15 | PSG.LGD | vs | Tundra Esports | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A16 | Team Spirit | vs | Talon Esports | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B13 | Knights | vs | beastcoast | 0:2 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B14 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Geek Slate | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B15 | Team Aster | vs | Entity | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B16 | HellRaisers | vs | BetBoom Team | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| A17 | Execration | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 1:1 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A18 | Evil Geniuses | vs | Tundra Esports | 2:0 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A19 | EHOME | vs | TSM | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A20 | PSG.LGD | vs | Talon Esports | 1:1 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B17 | Team Liquid | vs | Geek Slate | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B18 | beastcoast | vs | Entity | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B19 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Knights | 1:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B20 | Team Aster | vs | HellRaisers | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
Day 4 (Feb 25) - Group Stage
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt | Stream |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A21 | Evil Geniuses | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A22 | PSG.LGD | vs | Execration | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A23 | EHOME | vs | Team Spirit | 1:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A24 | Tundra Esports | vs | Talon Esports | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B21 | Team Liquid | vs | beastcoast | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B22 | Team Aster | vs | Geek Slate | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B23 | Knights | vs | BetBoom Team | 0:2 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B24 | HellRaisers | vs | Entity | 0:2 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| A25 | Team Spirit | vs | Tundra Esports | 2:0 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A26 | EHOME | vs | PSG.LGD | 0:2 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A27 | Execration | vs | Evil Geniuses | 1:1 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A28 | TSM | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 1:1 | 14:00 | 11:00 | 19:00 | 20:00 | 3:00 | 6:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B25 | BetBoom Team | vs | Entity | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B26 | Team Aster | vs | Knights | 2:0 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B27 | Geek Slate | vs | beastcoast | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B28 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Team Liquid | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
Day 5 (Feb 26) - Group Stage
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt | Stream |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A29 | Evil Geniuses | vs | TSM | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| A30 | Team Spirit | vs | Execration | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| A31 | EHOME | vs | Talon Esports | 0:2 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| A32 | PSG.LGD | vs | Gaimin Gladiators | 0:2 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| B29 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | beastcoast | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #1 |
| B30 | Geek Slate | vs | BetBoom Team | 1:1 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #2 |
| B31 | Knights | vs | HellRaisers | 0:2 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #3 |
| B32 | Team Liquid | vs | Team Aster | 2:0 | 12:00 | 9:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 1:00 | 4:00 | Bo2 | #4 |
| TB1 | beastcoast | vs | Team Aster | 1:2 | ||||||||
| TB2 | Geek Slate | vs | HellRaisers | 0:2 | ||||||||
Day 6 (Feb 28) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QF1 | Gaimin Gladiators | vs | Team Aster | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo3 |
| QF2 | Entity | vs | Evil Geniuses | 2:0 | 13:00 | 10:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 2:00 | 5:00 | Bo3 |
| QF3 | Team Spirit | vs | Shopify Rebellion | 1:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo3 |
| QF4 | Team Liquid | vs | Talon Esports | 2:0 | 19:00 | 16:00 | 0:00 | 1:00 | 8:00 | 11:00 | Bo3 |
Day 7 (Mar 1) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB1-1 | Team Aster | vs | Tundra Esports | 2:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo3 |
| LB1-2 | Evil Geniuses | vs | beastcoast | 2:0 | 13:00 | 10:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 2:00 | 5:00 | Bo3 |
| LB1-3 | Team Spirit | vs | PSG.LGD | 2:1 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo3 |
Day 8 (Mar 2) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB1-4 | Talon Esports | vs | HellRaisers | 2:0 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo3 |
| SF1 | Gaimin Gladiators | vs | Entity | 2:0 | 13:00 | 10:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 2:00 | 5:00 | Bo3 |
| SF2 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Team Liquid | 0:2 | 16:00 | 13:00 | 21:00 | 22:00 | 5:00 | 8:00 | Bo3 |
Day 9 (Mar 3) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB2-2 | Evil Geniuses | vs | Team Aster | 2:1 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo3 |
| LB2-1 | Talon Esports | vs | Team Spirit | 2:1 | 13:00 | 10:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 2:00 | 5:00 | Bo3 |
| LB3-2 | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Evil Geniuses | 2:1 | 17:00 | 14:00 | 22:00 | 23:00 | 6:00 | 9:00 | Bo3 |
Day 10 (Mar 4) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB3-1 | Entity | vs | Talon Esports | 0:2 | 10:00 | 7:00 | 15:00 | 16:00 | 23:00 | 2:00 | Bo3 |
| UBF | Gaimin Gladiators | vs | Team Liquid | 2:0 | 13:00 | 10:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 | 2:00 | 5:00 | Bo3 |
| LBSF | Shopify Rebellion | vs | Talon Esports | 1:2 | 17:00 | 14:00 | 22:00 | 23:00 | 6:00 | 9:00 | Bo3 |
Day 11 (Mar 5) - Main Event
| ID | Team | vs | Team | Result | Cntdwn(EST) | PST | GMT | CET | SGT | AET | Frmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LBF | Team Liquid | vs | Talon Esports | 0:0 | 11:00 | 8:00 | 16:00 | 17:00 | 0:00 | 3:00 | Bo3 |
| UBF | Gaimin Gladiators | vs | TBD | 0:0 | 15:00 | 12:00 | 20:00 | 21:00 | 4:00 | 7:00 | Bo5 |
2023.02.07 15:39 Appropriate_Series15 Husky files
First time using a husky branded file and I have to say I’m impressed. I’ve used Oregon, stihl and tri-link from rural king and the husky so far beats the Oregon on material removal from the get go. Now I’m not great at filing (obviously) and I plan on practicing but for a $2 file ($4 for the 2 pack I got) I’m curious how long it’ll last vs the others I’ve used. Tri-link was surely the worst as it didn’t even last half a chains worth of sharpening (20” bar full comp). Unsure who makes husky files, probably Oregon since they make a the bachains for Husqvarna. Any tips/tricks would be greatly appreciated, buckinbillyray has awesome vids I’ve been trying to use as a reference but I’m uncertain how this chain looks compared to y’all’s so any advice is welcome!
submitted by Appropriate_Series15 to Chainsaw [link] [comments]
2023.02.01 18:20 danthemanx07 Husqvarna 350 Chain Trouble
I have a new to me Husqvarna 350. It came with the correct bar on it and a Stihl chain on it which ran just fine initially. After running it for a few hours, the chain has loosened to the extent that I don’t have enough travel in the tensioner to tighten it properly.
Not knowing the history of the chain, I went ahead and bought a new one of what I believe to be the proper specs: .325” pitch, .050” gauge, and 72 drive links.
My problem now is that the new chain doesn’t not easily move on the bar. At the proper tension, I can’t move it by hand without a lot of effort and it makes a noise when I do so like it is rubbing something. I tried another chain that I had on hand of the same specs and got the same result.
I don’t see anything contacting the new chain when the clutch cover is on and no obvious signs of wear or contact on the chain itself.
The sprocket on the saw d looks worn and also does not look like the original or replacements that I have seen. Could this be the cause of my problems? Picture of the sprocket in the link below.
https://imgur.com/a/oiNdv0u
submitted by danthemanx07 to Chainsaw [link] [comments]
Not knowing the history of the chain, I went ahead and bought a new one of what I believe to be the proper specs: .325” pitch, .050” gauge, and 72 drive links.
My problem now is that the new chain doesn’t not easily move on the bar. At the proper tension, I can’t move it by hand without a lot of effort and it makes a noise when I do so like it is rubbing something. I tried another chain that I had on hand of the same specs and got the same result.
I don’t see anything contacting the new chain when the clutch cover is on and no obvious signs of wear or contact on the chain itself.
The sprocket on the saw d looks worn and also does not look like the original or replacements that I have seen. Could this be the cause of my problems? Picture of the sprocket in the link below.
https://imgur.com/a/oiNdv0u
2023.01.19 02:34 CBojorges Has anyone tried this cover?
 | submitted by CBojorges to svartpilen401 [link] [comments] |
2023.01.05 14:22 valtristk [1490+ UPDATE] Chaos Data, iLvL Analysis, and the Worth of Honing and Alts + An engraving calculator that works for your whole roster
This is meant to be an update of this post, for those that recall it, with the added data now that I've had time to collect 1490+ activity drops. Though, I do have one new sheet to add as well but I'll mention it at the end of this post. If you already read through the prior post or watched the video from before, all you really need to know is the sheets are updated with new values up to 1520, but I'll expound on them and their data down below. Beyond that, just check the end for the new sheet.
For those who didn't see the prior post, I recommend either reading through it, or watching this video.
I'll break this down into 4 sections.
Boss Rush Chest Rewards:
Cube Chest Rewards:
Una's Weekly Gold Tokens:
The biggest differences overall come from Una's gold shop token yield.
Unfortunately, boss rush gives the same amount of gems. Although the leapstone amounts look pitiful, and really they are, please recall that it's 15x5 if we're making this comparison, so it gives 75 equivalent. The only major difference between ilvl's here is that 1490 boss rush gives card xp for time-based round rewards, instead of leapstones of the prior tier.
Silver barely increases per cube chest, the only significant difference between iLvL's here is card xp, and you get about 50k more silver from a silver room. Gold chest rooms are exactly the same, as far as I could see. I'm also not sure what happened with cubes bc on release the avg was the exact same as 1302, but in the last week or so it changed to be about 10k higher(n=30, in either case).
1490 chaos is not the same, nor will it ever be the same, as 1520. 1520 is a SUBSTANTIAL leap in earnings. An average of 21 L1 gems per chaos set is insane. For reference, 1475 avg is 14 gems.
ATK's engraving calc was great bc it included the accessory stats, however the format was absolutely dreadful. loa-Todo's format was great, but didn't include the stats, and was also limited to 6 characters max on the site. ATK's calc didn't accommodate for more than 1 character unless you straight up copied over the whole calculator again and again each time.
The appeal here is that I've combined the format of loa-Todo's calc for the most part, added in accessory stats to match the functionality of ATK's calc, and then added roster-based character saves to accommodate more than 6 characters, up to 24.
Sheet link, picture of what it looks like when in use, for those curious
Instructions: To start, go to the right in the Engraving Saves section and add in your characters. Position matters here so if you ever remove a character, at say 5, don't move 6 up to fill the empty space. 6's save file is where it is, 5's is in a diff spot. IF you move a character from 6 to 5, the save will still be associated with 6, and 5 will load empty.
Once you've done that though the rest is pretty self explanatory. For roster stats though you only have to enter that once. To get "book" and "potion" values, press P in game, cursor over each stat, and they'll tell you exactly how much you are getting on each stat from books, roster lvl, etc.
Lastly on this, the very first engraving setup you do, click "load new selection" on the character you're gonna start with, before you fill it out. This only needs to be done the first time, and it's only bc the calc determines in one go on script execution: what character you are loading to and what character you're switching from. So this just tells the calc what character is first in that order before you start saving/loading since your roster will be different from the demo roster on the sheet.
-
All that aside, a quick but huge thank you to my friend u/-Penitence- for helping me with 1520 data before I got characters there myself. An additional thanks to u/Fluffyox, I was initially going to use their WIP 1520 data to supplement my own while I was waiting to get 1520 characters on my roster. This didn't end up happening, and it may be silly to thank them when I didn't use it, but I appreciate that they were willing to let me use it all the same.
If you guys have questions on how any of the sheets work, if I just didn't make any sense, or if you have suggestions for these, feel free to let me know.
Thenks.
EDIT: I'm braindead and forgot to set the engraving calc to public, that's my bad. View perms are fixed now though.
submitted by valtristk to lostarkgame [link] [comments]
For those who didn't see the prior post, I recommend either reading through it, or watching this video.
I'll break this down into 4 sections.
- T3.1(1370-1489) vs T3.2(1490+), what's the difference?(BR, cube, etc.)
- 1490 vs 1500 vs 1520, as well as chaos data
- Sheet links, again, now that they're updated
- And lastly, a new sheet, the engraving calculator
T3.1 vs T3.2(1490+): Non-Raid Weeklies, What's the Difference?
Not a lot lmfao.Boss Rush Chest Rewards:
| iLvL | Leapstones | Gems |
|---|---|---|
| 1302/1370 | 25.6 GHL | 63 |
| 1490 | 15 MHL | ...63 :peepocry: |
| iLvL | Chest Silver | Chest Card XP |
|---|---|---|
| 1302 | 82,500 | 1xBlue, 3xGreen |
| 1490 | 92,000 | 1xPurple, 3xBlue(somehow this actually varied) |
| iLvL | Tokens | Gold |
|---|---|---|
| 1415 | 1595 ~ 3.19 chests/week | 3987.5 |
| 1490 | 2180 ~ 4.36 chests/week | 5450 |
Unfortunately, boss rush gives the same amount of gems. Although the leapstone amounts look pitiful, and really they are, please recall that it's 15x5 if we're making this comparison, so it gives 75 equivalent. The only major difference between ilvl's here is that 1490 boss rush gives card xp for time-based round rewards, instead of leapstones of the prior tier.
Silver barely increases per cube chest, the only significant difference between iLvL's here is card xp, and you get about 50k more silver from a silver room. Gold chest rooms are exactly the same, as far as I could see. I'm also not sure what happened with cubes bc on release the avg was the exact same as 1302, but in the last week or so it changed to be about 10k higher(n=30, in either case).
1490 vs 1500 vs 1520 - Chaos Data/Raids:
I strongly recommend you view this breakdown in the iLvL Analysis. However for a general earnings overview, including bound mats and not translated to gold, here are the following. Chaos Data is compiled here. n=30 sets each, not individual chaos, else n=60.| iLvL | Chaos Blue | Chaos Red | Chaos Bound | Chaos Shards | Chaos Silver | Chaos Gems | Carl Leaps | Carl Blue | Carl Red | Raid Gold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1490 | 305 | 100 | 6 | 10500 | 150000 | 17 | 10 | 220 | 70 | 13500 |
| 1500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 15000 |
| 1520 | 350 | 115 | 9 | 14000 | 155000 | 21 | -- | -- | -- | 17500 |
Sheet Links:
- T3 Chaos Data & Analysis
- iLvL Breakdown & Analysis
- Weekly Gold/Resource Production Calculator
- Dynamic RosteActivity Checklist
New Sheet: Engraving Calculator
Some are probably asking why this even needs to be made, since sheets like ATK's calculator exist, or loa-Todo's site exists as well, and the answer simply: Neither did what my friends and I wanted.ATK's engraving calc was great bc it included the accessory stats, however the format was absolutely dreadful. loa-Todo's format was great, but didn't include the stats, and was also limited to 6 characters max on the site. ATK's calc didn't accommodate for more than 1 character unless you straight up copied over the whole calculator again and again each time.
The appeal here is that I've combined the format of loa-Todo's calc for the most part, added in accessory stats to match the functionality of ATK's calc, and then added roster-based character saves to accommodate more than 6 characters, up to 24.
Sheet link, picture of what it looks like when in use, for those curious
Instructions: To start, go to the right in the Engraving Saves section and add in your characters. Position matters here so if you ever remove a character, at say 5, don't move 6 up to fill the empty space. 6's save file is where it is, 5's is in a diff spot. IF you move a character from 6 to 5, the save will still be associated with 6, and 5 will load empty.
Once you've done that though the rest is pretty self explanatory. For roster stats though you only have to enter that once. To get "book" and "potion" values, press P in game, cursor over each stat, and they'll tell you exactly how much you are getting on each stat from books, roster lvl, etc.
Lastly on this, the very first engraving setup you do, click "load new selection" on the character you're gonna start with, before you fill it out. This only needs to be done the first time, and it's only bc the calc determines in one go on script execution: what character you are loading to and what character you're switching from. So this just tells the calc what character is first in that order before you start saving/loading since your roster will be different from the demo roster on the sheet.
-
All that aside, a quick but huge thank you to my friend u/-Penitence- for helping me with 1520 data before I got characters there myself. An additional thanks to u/Fluffyox, I was initially going to use their WIP 1520 data to supplement my own while I was waiting to get 1520 characters on my roster. This didn't end up happening, and it may be silly to thank them when I didn't use it, but I appreciate that they were willing to let me use it all the same.
If you guys have questions on how any of the sheets work, if I just didn't make any sense, or if you have suggestions for these, feel free to let me know.
Thenks.
EDIT: I'm braindead and forgot to set the engraving calc to public, that's my bad. View perms are fixed now though.
2022.12.12 20:52 subredditsummarybot /r/Hockey's top highlights for the week of December 05 - December 11
Monday, December 05 - Sunday, December 11
submitted by subredditsummarybot to hockey [link] [comments]
Top Videos
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| score | comment |
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| 1,312 | yetanotherx said Goalies are adorable. |
| 1,240 | short-and-ugly said Lot of eastern conference teams |
| 1,089 | whoareyoupeople24 said Wait... We're below the Islanders? And where are the fucking flyers! |
| 983 | geedlewis said Burns |
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2022.12.09 21:23 pprn00dle [WTS] Tons of silver coins! Crown Sized. Gold Russian Imperial. Collection-worthy stuff. Some rare gems! Mostly World coins but also Ancients, Hammered silver, and some US stuff in there too.
Putting up one more sale before I move these to Ebay or go down the street to offload at the coin shop. Very highly motivated to get most of these out of my possession so please make an offer if you want to buy multiple coins! Most of these are from auction houses like CNG or Roma so I am usually able to provide provenance if requested.
PROOF Everything ships out either Saturday 12/10 or Tuesday 12/13
I accept Venmo (preferred), PPFF, Cashapp
Shipping is $6 and includes bubble mailer with tracking. Please let me know if you would like the package insured and I will quote that separately.
If you need more or different pics, or information just ask! Unfortunately some of these are not professionally done.
\*****GOLD*****\**
RUSSIAN IMPERIAL PICS
1880 Alexander II 5 Roubles, C.П.Б. (St. Petersburg) mint, НФ (Nikolay Follendorf). Jewelers loop added. Ref Y B26. $450
\*****ANCIENTS THRU BYZANTINE (Sorted by date)*****\**
PICS
TROAS, Assos, 500-450 BC. AR Hemiobol. $60
GREEK, Chersonesos/Thrace, 400-338 BC. AR hemidrachm. $60
SICILY, Agathokles, 317-289 BC, 4th democracy. Struck 308/7 BC. AE Litra. $70
ARS SAGUNTUM, Hispania Citerior, 170-130 BC. AE Quadrans. Saguntum (Valencia) mint. $40
THRACE, Rhoimetalkes I with Augustus, 11 BC-12 AD. AE (8.75g, 21mm). $45
INDIA, Kushan Empire, Vima Kadphises, 113-127 CE. AE Tetradrachm - main mint in Begram. $70
ROMAN IMPERIAL, Magnentius, 2nd emission (27th Feb to early May), 350 CE. AE Centenionalis (6.16g), Treveri (Trier) mint. Very nice strike, like many from the Trier mint. $70
NEZAK, Huns & Western Turk Dynasties. Napki Malka, 630-711 CE. AR Drachm. Possibly Kabul mint. $50
******HAMMERED SILVER (MEDIEVAL/ISLAMIC THRU EARLY MODERN ERA, Sorted alphabetically by country/region)*****\*
AUSTRIA PICS
1690 Bishopric of Salzburg, Johann Ernst von Thunn AR 3 Kreuzer. Ref KM249. $55
FRANCE PICS
1150-1200 Archbishopric of Lyon AR Denier. Ref Duplessy 2537. $50
1151-1204 Anjou (County), in the name of Foulques AR Denier - Angers mint. Ref Duplessy 378. $30
1300-1400 Melguiel (County), uncertain Count/Bishop BI Denier - Maguelonne mint. Ref Duplessy 1578. $35
1625-1635 Charles IV, Duchy of Lorraine, Double Denier. $55 each (2 available)
GERMAN STATES PICS
1465-1467 Nuremburg (Free Imperial City), AR 1/2 Schilling. Ref Kellner 110. $45
ISLAMIC PICS
1176-1184 (AH 572-580) Artuqids. Anatolia & al-Jazira, AE Dirham (15.48g). Big coin, attractive desert patina. $65
1243/4 (AH 641) Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Crusaders imitating a dirham of Ayyubid al-Salih Ismai'l struck at Dimashq (Damascus) mint. Rare. Ref Malloy 9. $65
POLAND PICS
1599 Sigismund (Zygmunt) III Vasa AR Trojak (3 Grosze) - Poznan mint. $65
1623 Sigismund III Vasa Ort 1/4 Thaler - Gedanensis (Gdansk) mint, $105
******WORLD (EARLY MODERN THRU MODERN ERA SILVER, Sorted alphabetically by country)*****\*
AUSTRIA PICS
1616 Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian III as Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Half Thaler. These coins have proven harder for me to find than the Thaler!. Lots of good detail. Ref KM41. $600
1776 Galicia and Lodomeria (Habsburg Poland), Marian Theresa AR 30 Kreuzer. Rare. Ref KMC3. $200
1804 Franz II, 6 Kreuzer, Gunzburg mint. NGC AU58, very rare grade (only one has been graded higher by NGC). $100
19th Century Maria Theresa Thaler. Ref Hafner 49a (struck 1860 - 1900). $45
BELGIUM & COLONIES PICS
1869 Leopold II 5 Francs, Brussels mint. Ref KM24. $50
1873 Leopold II 5 Francs, position A “small head” variety, Brussels mint. Still lustrous, in fantastic shape. Ref KM24. $75
1898 Leopold II AR 5 Centimes. Scarce date. Ref KM41. $30
1944 Belgian Congo, Leopold III, BR 1 Franc. Ref KM26. $40
BRAZIL PICS
1908 Republic, AR 1000 Reis. NGC UNC-details, obverse cleaned (actually looks pretty good in person, patina is coming back). $50
CHINA PICS
1902-1905 Qing Dynasty, Guangxu Emperor, Hu-Peh Province, CU 10 Cash. NGC XF45 BN. Cool piece from Chinas last Imperial Dynasty. $90
DENMARK PICS
1875 Christian IX AR Krone. Ref KM797. $35
FINLAND PICS
1909 Nikolai II Aleksandrovich CU 10 Pennia. Rare date. Ref KM14. $60
FRANCE PICS
1660 Principaute d’Orange, Guillaume-Henri de Nassau, AR 1/12 ECU, scarce. Ref Boudeau 1013. $65
1662 Louis XIV, AR 1/12 ECU - D (Lyon) mint $65
1782 Louis XVI, Aix-en-Provence mint, CU 1 Sol. $40
1849 Second Republic 5 Francs, Paris mint. Very attractive cabinet tone and in excellent shape. Ref KM761.1. $105
1870 Third Republic 5 Francs, Paris mint. Harder year to find. Ref KM818.2.$105
GUATEMALA PICS
1933 AR 10 Centavos. $8
1945 AR 5 Centavos. $6
1964 AR 25 Centavos. $12
GERMAN STATES & GERMANY PICS
1669 Hannover, 4 Mariengroschen. Scarce and in good condition. Ref KM69. $60
1696 Brunswick-Luneburg-Celle (Duchy), Georg Wilhelm AR 1/24 Thaler. Ref KM349. $45
1752 Bremen (Free Imperial City) BI Groten. Rare year. Ref KM213. $45
1764 Prussia, Friedrich II AR 1/4 Thaler - F (Magdeburg) mint. Ref KM301. $45
1796 Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm II AR 4 Groschen - A (Berlin) mint. Ref KM362. $45
1779 Prussia, Friedrich II AR 1/3 Thaler - B (Dresden) mint. Ref KM329. $45
1801 Saxony, Frederick Augustus III 1/3 Thaler. Ref KM1024. $75
1817 Saxony, Friedrich August I BI 1/24 Thaler. Ref KM1075. $20
1821 Saxony, Friedrich August I BI 1/12 Thaler. Ref KM1083.1. $20
1871 Bavaria, Ludwig II CU 2 Pfenning. Ref KM857. $15
1902 Baden, Friedrich I 50th Anniversary 2 Mark. Ref KM271. $35
1903 Wilhelm II, King of Prussia 5 Mark, Berlin (A) mint. Ref KM523. $38
1908 German East Africa, Wilhelm II, 10 Heller - J (Hamburg) mint. Ref KM12. $40
1911 City of Hamburg 3 Mark, Hamburg (J) mint. Ref KM620. $35
1913 Wilhelm II, 25th Anniversary 3 Mark, Berlin (A) mint. Ref KM535. $32
1913 Otto, King of Bavaria 3 Mark, Munich (D) mint. Ref KM996. $25
1929 Weimar Republic, 1000th Anniversary of Meissen 5 Reichsmark, Muldenhutten (E) mint. Near uncirculated! Hard coin to find in this condition. Ref KM66. $335
1930 Weimar Republic, 700th Anniversary of Death of Walther von Der Vogelweide 3 Reichsmark, Berlin (A) mint. Almost Uncirculated. Ref KM69. $125
GREAT BRITAIN & COLONIES PICS
1835 Colonial India, William IV AR Rupee - Bombay mint. Ref KM450. $60
1856 Nova Scotia, Victoria, CU Penny - Heaton (Birmingham) mint. Ref KM6. $30
1862 Colonial India, Victoria AR 1/4 Rupee. Nice cabinet tone. Ref KM470. $38
1916 George V AR Half Crown. $24
1936 Colonial India, George V AR Half Rupee - Calcutta mint. Ref KM522. $38
1937 British East Africa, George VI AR 50 Cents. $10
ITALIAN STATES PICS
1806 Lucca and Piombino, Felice Baciocchi and Elisa Bonaparte, 1 Franc. Elisa was appointed to positions in Italy following her brother, Napoleon, conquest. $70
1859 Vittorio Emanuele II CU 5 Centesimi. Ref Pagani 445. $20
1859 Lombardy-Venetia, Franz Joseph I AR 10 Kreuzer. Yes, that is an Italian Kreuzer. Ref Pagani 258. $25
1860 Vittorio Emanuele II AR 50 Centesimi. Rare. Ref Pagani 443. $25
MALTA (SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER) PICS
1796 Emmanuel De Rohan 2 Scudi. Ref KM43. $300
MEXICO PICS
1945 AR 50 Centavos. $10
NETHERLANDS, LOW COUNTRIES & COLONIES PICS
Various Dates, Dutch East India Company (VOC) CU Duits. $12 each (10 available—3+4 in the pic are SOLD)
1751 Liege, Prince Bishopric, Jean-Theodore of Bavaria, CU 4 Liards. Ref KM159. $25
1821 Curacao, Wilhelm I AR Reaal. Very rare in this condition. 120k minted in 1821, 113k melted in 1827. Most Reaals left are chopped into quarters, virtually nonexistent in high grades or one piece. Original patina. At a steep discount compared to what I could find via Google. Ref KM26.4 $400
1826 Willem I AR 10 Cents - B (Brussels) mint. Ref KM53. $35
1848 Willem II AR 1/2 Gulden. $20
1856 Dutch East Indies CU 2.5 Cents. Scarce date. Ref KM308. $30
1861 Willem III CU 1/2 Cent. Ref KM90. $30
1886 Willem III CU 1/2 Cent. Ref KM109. $30
1896 Wilhelmina AR 10 Cents. Ref KM116. $85
1915 Wilhelmina AR Gulden. Very attractive cabinet tone. Ref KM148. $30
1942 Dutch East Indies AR 1/10 Gulden. $10
1942 Dutch East Indies AR 1/4 Gulden. $10
PANAMA PICS
1947 AR Half Balboa. $15
1953 AR Half Balboa. $20
POLAND PICS
1932 AR 10 Złotych. First Republic. $35
PORTUGAL & COLONIES PICS
1796 20 Reis, Arborium edition $15
1886 India Colonial, Luiz I CU 1/4 Tanga - Calcutta mint. Ref KM308. $35
1887 Luiz I AR 200 Reis. Ref KM512. $25
1903 COLONIAL, India, Carlos I, Rupia, Lisboa mint. NGC AU58. $90
RUSSIA PICS
1897 Nikolai II Alexandrovich AR Rouble. Ref KMY59.1. $45
Various date Imperial 20 Kopecks. $15 each (12 available)
SPAIN PICS
1779 Charles III, CU 8 Maravedis, Segovia mint. Nice detail. $60
1781 Charles III, CU 8 Maravedis, Segovia mint. Nice detail. $60
1870 Provisional Government 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint. Ref KM655. $28
1871 Kingdom, Amadeo I 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint (SD-M mint mark). Ref KM666. $40
1876 Kingdom, Alfonso XII 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint. Ref KM671.$45
1888 Kingdom, Alfonso XIII 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint (MP-M mint mark). Baby bust!. Ref KM689. $70
1906 Alfonso XIII AE Centimo - SL-V mint. Brilliant uncirculated. Ref KM726. $30
SWEDEN PICS
1874 Oscar II AR 10 Ore. $15 each (3 available)
1877/1878 Oscar II CU 2 Ore. $10 each
1881 Oscar II AR 25 Ore. $20
1890 Oscar II CU 1 Ore. $8
1897 Oscar II Silver Jubilee Commemorative AR 2 Kroner. NOT cleaned, brilliant lustre and fantastic shape for a circulating commemorative. Ref KM762. $65
1919 AR 25 Ore. $15
SWITZERLAND PICS
1795 Canton Bern Thaler. Ref KM149. NGC MS61. $750
1892 Swiss Confederation CU 1 Rappen. Scarce. Ref KM3. $38
THAILAND PICS
1896 Rama V AR Salueng (1/4 Baht). Ref KMY29. $45
YUGOSLAVIA PICS
1938 AR 50 Dinara. $25
******US TYPE STUFF*****\*
TOKENS PICS
1837 Half Cent Hard Times Token, Low-49. $40
1834 “Running Boar” Hard Times Token, Low-8. $35
1837 Andrew Jackson “I Take The Responsibility” Hard Time Token, Low-51. $45
1837 Liberty Head “Not One Cent” Hard Times Token, Low-33. $55
1841 Daniel Webster “Not One Cent” Hard Times Token, Low-58. $40
1863 “Army and Navy” Civil War Token, Fuld-16/301 a. NGC AU $50
US CLASSIC COMMEMORATIVES PICS
1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Half Dollar. PCGS MS63. $140
US MODERN AND CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVES PICS
2013 5 Star Generals, Marshall and Eisenhower, West Point mint. PCGS MS70. $55
2014 Baseball Hall of Fame, Philadelphia mint. Part of a 2-coin ANACS graded “First Release” set (#134 of 498). ANACS MS70. $80 for this coin, $150 for the set
2014 Baseball Hall of Fame, Philadelphia mint. PROOF Part of a 2-coin ANACS graded “First Release” set (#134 of 498). ANACS PR70 DCAM. $80 for this coin, $150 for the set
2019 San Antonio Quarter, West Point mint. NGC MS67. $50
2019 Guam/War in the Pacific Quarter, West Point mint. NGC MS67. $50
US HALF DOLLARS PICS
1858-O Seated half dollar $50
1967 Kennedy half dollar, 40% silver $9
1976-S Bicentennial Kennedy half dollar, 40% silver variety $20
US QUARTERS PICS
1916-D Barber quarter $35
US DIMES PICS
1943-D Mercury Dime NGC MS65 FB $35
1944 Mercury dime, obverse has very nice toning $30
1944 Mercury dime, looks close to full bars to me! $10
US TWO AND THREE CENT PIECES PICS
1868 Two Cent $20
US CENTS & HALF CENTS PICS
1808 Draped Bust half cent, rough but readable. A budget hole-filling option! $55
1857 Flying Eagle small cent $35
1909 VDB Lincoln penny, RED, great condition! $15
1922-weak D? Lincoln penny $30
2019-W Lincoln Cent, First Day of Issue, NGC MS69 RD $30
submitted by pprn00dle to CoinSales [link] [comments]
PROOF Everything ships out either Saturday 12/10 or Tuesday 12/13
I accept Venmo (preferred), PPFF, Cashapp
Shipping is $6 and includes bubble mailer with tracking. Please let me know if you would like the package insured and I will quote that separately.
If you need more or different pics, or information just ask! Unfortunately some of these are not professionally done.
\*****GOLD*****\**
RUSSIAN IMPERIAL PICS
1880 Alexander II 5 Roubles, C.П.Б. (St. Petersburg) mint, НФ (Nikolay Follendorf). Jewelers loop added. Ref Y B26. $450
\*****ANCIENTS THRU BYZANTINE (Sorted by date)*****\**
PICS
TROAS, Assos, 500-450 BC. AR Hemiobol. $60
GREEK, Chersonesos/Thrace, 400-338 BC. AR hemidrachm. $60
SICILY, Agathokles, 317-289 BC, 4th democracy. Struck 308/7 BC. AE Litra. $70
ARS SAGUNTUM, Hispania Citerior, 170-130 BC. AE Quadrans. Saguntum (Valencia) mint. $40
THRACE, Rhoimetalkes I with Augustus, 11 BC-12 AD. AE (8.75g, 21mm). $45
INDIA, Kushan Empire, Vima Kadphises, 113-127 CE. AE Tetradrachm - main mint in Begram. $70
ROMAN IMPERIAL, Magnentius, 2nd emission (27th Feb to early May), 350 CE. AE Centenionalis (6.16g), Treveri (Trier) mint. Very nice strike, like many from the Trier mint. $70
NEZAK, Huns & Western Turk Dynasties. Napki Malka, 630-711 CE. AR Drachm. Possibly Kabul mint. $50
******HAMMERED SILVER (MEDIEVAL/ISLAMIC THRU EARLY MODERN ERA, Sorted alphabetically by country/region)*****\*
AUSTRIA PICS
1690 Bishopric of Salzburg, Johann Ernst von Thunn AR 3 Kreuzer. Ref KM249. $55
FRANCE PICS
1150-1200 Archbishopric of Lyon AR Denier. Ref Duplessy 2537. $50
1151-1204 Anjou (County), in the name of Foulques AR Denier - Angers mint. Ref Duplessy 378. $30
1300-1400 Melguiel (County), uncertain Count/Bishop BI Denier - Maguelonne mint. Ref Duplessy 1578. $35
1625-1635 Charles IV, Duchy of Lorraine, Double Denier. $55 each (2 available)
GERMAN STATES PICS
1465-1467 Nuremburg (Free Imperial City), AR 1/2 Schilling. Ref Kellner 110. $45
ISLAMIC PICS
1176-1184 (AH 572-580) Artuqids. Anatolia & al-Jazira, AE Dirham (15.48g). Big coin, attractive desert patina. $65
1243/4 (AH 641) Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Crusaders imitating a dirham of Ayyubid al-Salih Ismai'l struck at Dimashq (Damascus) mint. Rare. Ref Malloy 9. $65
POLAND PICS
1599 Sigismund (Zygmunt) III Vasa AR Trojak (3 Grosze) - Poznan mint. $65
1623 Sigismund III Vasa Ort 1/4 Thaler - Gedanensis (Gdansk) mint, $105
******WORLD (EARLY MODERN THRU MODERN ERA SILVER, Sorted alphabetically by country)*****\*
AUSTRIA PICS
1616 Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian III as Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Half Thaler. These coins have proven harder for me to find than the Thaler!. Lots of good detail. Ref KM41. $600
1776 Galicia and Lodomeria (Habsburg Poland), Marian Theresa AR 30 Kreuzer. Rare. Ref KMC3. $200
1804 Franz II, 6 Kreuzer, Gunzburg mint. NGC AU58, very rare grade (only one has been graded higher by NGC). $100
19th Century Maria Theresa Thaler. Ref Hafner 49a (struck 1860 - 1900). $45
BELGIUM & COLONIES PICS
1869 Leopold II 5 Francs, Brussels mint. Ref KM24. $50
1873 Leopold II 5 Francs, position A “small head” variety, Brussels mint. Still lustrous, in fantastic shape. Ref KM24. $75
1898 Leopold II AR 5 Centimes. Scarce date. Ref KM41. $30
1944 Belgian Congo, Leopold III, BR 1 Franc. Ref KM26. $40
BRAZIL PICS
1908 Republic, AR 1000 Reis. NGC UNC-details, obverse cleaned (actually looks pretty good in person, patina is coming back). $50
CHINA PICS
1902-1905 Qing Dynasty, Guangxu Emperor, Hu-Peh Province, CU 10 Cash. NGC XF45 BN. Cool piece from Chinas last Imperial Dynasty. $90
DENMARK PICS
1875 Christian IX AR Krone. Ref KM797. $35
FINLAND PICS
1909 Nikolai II Aleksandrovich CU 10 Pennia. Rare date. Ref KM14. $60
FRANCE PICS
1660 Principaute d’Orange, Guillaume-Henri de Nassau, AR 1/12 ECU, scarce. Ref Boudeau 1013. $65
1662 Louis XIV, AR 1/12 ECU - D (Lyon) mint $65
1782 Louis XVI, Aix-en-Provence mint, CU 1 Sol. $40
1849 Second Republic 5 Francs, Paris mint. Very attractive cabinet tone and in excellent shape. Ref KM761.1. $105
1870 Third Republic 5 Francs, Paris mint. Harder year to find. Ref KM818.2.
GUATEMALA PICS
1933 AR 10 Centavos. $8
1945 AR 5 Centavos. $6
1964 AR 25 Centavos. $12
GERMAN STATES & GERMANY PICS
1669 Hannover, 4 Mariengroschen. Scarce and in good condition. Ref KM69. $60
1696 Brunswick-Luneburg-Celle (Duchy), Georg Wilhelm AR 1/24 Thaler. Ref KM349. $45
1752 Bremen (Free Imperial City) BI Groten. Rare year. Ref KM213. $45
1764 Prussia, Friedrich II AR 1/4 Thaler - F (Magdeburg) mint. Ref KM301. $45
1796 Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm II AR 4 Groschen - A (Berlin) mint. Ref KM362. $45
1779 Prussia, Friedrich II AR 1/3 Thaler - B (Dresden) mint. Ref KM329. $45
1801 Saxony, Frederick Augustus III 1/3 Thaler. Ref KM1024. $75
1817 Saxony, Friedrich August I BI 1/24 Thaler. Ref KM1075. $20
1821 Saxony, Friedrich August I BI 1/12 Thaler. Ref KM1083.1. $20
1871 Bavaria, Ludwig II CU 2 Pfenning. Ref KM857. $15
1902 Baden, Friedrich I 50th Anniversary 2 Mark. Ref KM271. $35
1903 Wilhelm II, King of Prussia 5 Mark, Berlin (A) mint. Ref KM523. $38
1908 German East Africa, Wilhelm II, 10 Heller - J (Hamburg) mint. Ref KM12. $40
1911 City of Hamburg 3 Mark, Hamburg (J) mint. Ref KM620. $35
1913 Wilhelm II, 25th Anniversary 3 Mark, Berlin (A) mint. Ref KM535. $32
1913 Otto, King of Bavaria 3 Mark, Munich (D) mint. Ref KM996. $25
1929 Weimar Republic, 1000th Anniversary of Meissen 5 Reichsmark, Muldenhutten (E) mint. Near uncirculated! Hard coin to find in this condition. Ref KM66. $335
1930 Weimar Republic, 700th Anniversary of Death of Walther von Der Vogelweide 3 Reichsmark, Berlin (A) mint. Almost Uncirculated. Ref KM69. $125
GREAT BRITAIN & COLONIES PICS
1835 Colonial India, William IV AR Rupee - Bombay mint. Ref KM450. $60
1856 Nova Scotia, Victoria, CU Penny - Heaton (Birmingham) mint. Ref KM6. $30
1862 Colonial India, Victoria AR 1/4 Rupee. Nice cabinet tone. Ref KM470. $38
1916 George V AR Half Crown. $24
1936 Colonial India, George V AR Half Rupee - Calcutta mint. Ref KM522. $38
1937 British East Africa, George VI AR 50 Cents. $10
ITALIAN STATES PICS
1806 Lucca and Piombino, Felice Baciocchi and Elisa Bonaparte, 1 Franc. Elisa was appointed to positions in Italy following her brother, Napoleon, conquest. $70
1859 Vittorio Emanuele II CU 5 Centesimi. Ref Pagani 445. $20
1859 Lombardy-Venetia, Franz Joseph I AR 10 Kreuzer. Yes, that is an Italian Kreuzer. Ref Pagani 258. $25
1860 Vittorio Emanuele II AR 50 Centesimi. Rare. Ref Pagani 443. $25
MALTA (SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER) PICS
1796 Emmanuel De Rohan 2 Scudi. Ref KM43. $300
MEXICO PICS
1945 AR 50 Centavos. $10
NETHERLANDS, LOW COUNTRIES & COLONIES PICS
Various Dates, Dutch East India Company (VOC) CU Duits. $12 each (10 available—3+4 in the pic are SOLD)
1751 Liege, Prince Bishopric, Jean-Theodore of Bavaria, CU 4 Liards. Ref KM159. $25
1821 Curacao, Wilhelm I AR Reaal. Very rare in this condition. 120k minted in 1821, 113k melted in 1827. Most Reaals left are chopped into quarters, virtually nonexistent in high grades or one piece. Original patina. At a steep discount compared to what I could find via Google. Ref KM26.4 $400
1826 Willem I AR 10 Cents - B (Brussels) mint. Ref KM53. $35
1848 Willem II AR 1/2 Gulden. $20
1856 Dutch East Indies CU 2.5 Cents. Scarce date. Ref KM308. $30
1861 Willem III CU 1/2 Cent. Ref KM90. $30
1886 Willem III CU 1/2 Cent. Ref KM109. $30
1896 Wilhelmina AR 10 Cents. Ref KM116. $85
1915 Wilhelmina AR Gulden. Very attractive cabinet tone. Ref KM148. $30
1942 Dutch East Indies AR 1/10 Gulden. $10
1942 Dutch East Indies AR 1/4 Gulden. $10
PANAMA PICS
1947 AR Half Balboa. $15
1953 AR Half Balboa. $20
POLAND PICS
1932 AR 10 Złotych. First Republic. $35
PORTUGAL & COLONIES PICS
1796 20 Reis, Arborium edition $15
1886 India Colonial, Luiz I CU 1/4 Tanga - Calcutta mint. Ref KM308. $35
1887 Luiz I AR 200 Reis. Ref KM512. $25
1903 COLONIAL, India, Carlos I, Rupia, Lisboa mint. NGC AU58. $90
RUSSIA PICS
1897 Nikolai II Alexandrovich AR Rouble. Ref KMY59.1. $45
Various date Imperial 20 Kopecks. $15 each (12 available)
SPAIN PICS
1779 Charles III, CU 8 Maravedis, Segovia mint. Nice detail. $60
1781 Charles III, CU 8 Maravedis, Segovia mint. Nice detail. $60
1870 Provisional Government 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint. Ref KM655. $28
1871 Kingdom, Amadeo I 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint (SD-M mint mark). Ref KM666. $40
1876 Kingdom, Alfonso XII 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint. Ref KM671.
1888 Kingdom, Alfonso XIII 5 Pesetas, Madrid mint (MP-M mint mark). Baby bust!. Ref KM689. $70
1906 Alfonso XIII AE Centimo - SL-V mint. Brilliant uncirculated. Ref KM726. $30
SWEDEN PICS
1874 Oscar II AR 10 Ore. $15 each (3 available)
1877/1878 Oscar II CU 2 Ore. $10 each
1881 Oscar II AR 25 Ore. $20
1890 Oscar II CU 1 Ore. $8
1897 Oscar II Silver Jubilee Commemorative AR 2 Kroner. NOT cleaned, brilliant lustre and fantastic shape for a circulating commemorative. Ref KM762. $65
1919 AR 25 Ore. $15
SWITZERLAND PICS
1795 Canton Bern Thaler. Ref KM149. NGC MS61. $750
1892 Swiss Confederation CU 1 Rappen. Scarce. Ref KM3. $38
THAILAND PICS
1896 Rama V AR Salueng (1/4 Baht). Ref KMY29. $45
YUGOSLAVIA PICS
1938 AR 50 Dinara. $25
******US TYPE STUFF*****\*
TOKENS PICS
1837 Half Cent Hard Times Token, Low-49. $40
1834 “Running Boar” Hard Times Token, Low-8. $35
1837 Andrew Jackson “I Take The Responsibility” Hard Time Token, Low-51. $45
1837 Liberty Head “Not One Cent” Hard Times Token, Low-33. $55
1841 Daniel Webster “Not One Cent” Hard Times Token, Low-58. $40
1863 “Army and Navy” Civil War Token, Fuld-16/301 a. NGC AU $50
US CLASSIC COMMEMORATIVES PICS
1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Half Dollar. PCGS MS63. $140
US MODERN AND CIRCULATING COMMEMORATIVES PICS
2013 5 Star Generals, Marshall and Eisenhower, West Point mint. PCGS MS70. $55
2014 Baseball Hall of Fame, Philadelphia mint. Part of a 2-coin ANACS graded “First Release” set (#134 of 498). ANACS MS70. $80 for this coin, $150 for the set
2014 Baseball Hall of Fame, Philadelphia mint. PROOF Part of a 2-coin ANACS graded “First Release” set (#134 of 498). ANACS PR70 DCAM. $80 for this coin, $150 for the set
2019 San Antonio Quarter, West Point mint. NGC MS67. $50
2019 Guam/War in the Pacific Quarter, West Point mint. NGC MS67. $50
US HALF DOLLARS PICS
1858-O Seated half dollar $50
1967 Kennedy half dollar, 40% silver $9
1976-S Bicentennial Kennedy half dollar, 40% silver variety $20
US QUARTERS PICS
1916-D Barber quarter $35
US DIMES PICS
1943-D Mercury Dime NGC MS65 FB $35
1944 Mercury dime, obverse has very nice toning $30
1944 Mercury dime, looks close to full bars to me! $10
US TWO AND THREE CENT PIECES PICS
1868 Two Cent $20
US CENTS & HALF CENTS PICS
1808 Draped Bust half cent, rough but readable. A budget hole-filling option! $55
1857 Flying Eagle small cent $35
1909 VDB Lincoln penny, RED, great condition! $15
1922-weak D? Lincoln penny $30
2019-W Lincoln Cent, First Day of Issue, NGC MS69 RD $30
2022.12.08 14:30 RoverRebellion Buying a saw for someone as a gift (homeowner). Husqvarna vs Stihl
Greetings all! I am an extremely seasoned sweet operator but my experience is exclusively with commercial and pro tier saws such as Husqvarna AutoTune series and the 372xp, 562xp, etc. Naturally my preference is towards Husqvarna based on familiarity but I am here to ask for recommendations for a 18” bar class of homeowner saw from either of the big two manufacturers.
Thank you!
UPDATE: Thank you everyone for the input. I can’t thank you all enough for the input and ideas. In the end, I went with a contender I haven’t considered: the echo Timberwolf. It has gobs of power and is the perfect balance between pro-Sumer class saws and homeowner grade. I was able to pick one up from a dealer for $399 including their extra in-house warranty program on top of the already great 5 year from echo.
submitted by RoverRebellion to Chainsaw [link] [comments]
Thank you!
UPDATE: Thank you everyone for the input. I can’t thank you all enough for the input and ideas. In the end, I went with a contender I haven’t considered: the echo Timberwolf. It has gobs of power and is the perfect balance between pro-Sumer class saws and homeowner grade. I was able to pick one up from a dealer for $399 including their extra in-house warranty program on top of the already great 5 year from echo.
2022.11.14 20:29 zozi0102 Joining multiplayer game stuck at 10%
Anyone know what's causing this?
Logs: GIANTS Engine Runtime 9.0.0 (29243) 64bit MsStore (Build Date: Nov 3 2022)
Copyright (c) 2008-2021, GIANTS Software GmbH (giants-software.com), All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 2003-2021, Christian Ammann and Stefan Geiger, All Rights Reserved.
Application: FarmingSimulator2022
Main System
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10870H CPU @ 2.20GHz
Memory: 16219 MB
OS: Windows NT 10.0 64-bit
Physics System
Version: 5.9.5
Thread(s): 2
Audio System
Driver: SoftMixer WASAPI Stereo
Version: 2018.11
Frequency: 48000
Max. active sources: 256
Render System
Driver: Direct 3D 12
Card Vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
Renderer: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Version: 31.0.15.2225 (6.10.2022)
Revision: 161
Hardware Feature Level : 12_1
Windowed Mode : off
V-Sync : on
Allow Tearing : off
Validation Layer : off
Effective Window Size : 1920 x 1080px
Effective Swap Chain Size : 1280 x 720px
Started 3 threads for threadpool 'Render threadpool'
Hardware Profile
Level: Medium (auto)
View Distance Factor: 1.000000
Shadow Quality: 1.000000 Base-Size: 2048 Filter-Size: 4
Shadow Focus Box: false
Foliage Shadows: false
Shader Quality: 1
Skip Mipmaps: 1
LOD Distance Factor: 1.000000
Terrain LOD Distance Factor: 1.000000
Terrain Quality: 2
Foliage View Distance Factor: 1.000000
Volume Mesh Tessellation Factor: 1.000000
Tyre Tracks Segments Factor: 1.000000
Max. Number of Shadow Lights: 1
Max. Number of Lights: 128
Max. Number of Dir Lights: 4
Max. Number of Lights Per Cluster: 32
MSAA: 1
Post Process AA: TAA
DLSS Quality: Off
AMD FidelityFx SR Quality: Off
AMD FidelityFx SR 2.0 Quality: Off
Intel XeSS Quality: Off
Sharpness: 1.00
Recommended Window Size: 1280 x 720px
Bloom Quality: 3
SSAO Quality: 11
SSAO Resolution Scaling: 0.500000
DOF: Disabled
Half Resolution DOF: Disabled
Cloud Quality: 2
Texture Streaming: Enabled
EnvMap Blending: Enabled
Dynamic Specular EnvMap: Disabled
Shading Rate Quality: 0
Input System
Keyboard enabled
Mouse enabled
Gamepad/Joystick enabled
Force Feedback disabled
Started 1 threads for threadpool 'TerrainPatchOccluderManager unique worker'
Started multiplayer
[MsStoreSysUtil_Properties] Refresh
Used Start Parameters:
exe C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\GIANTSSoftware.FarmingSimulator22-Window10Edition_1.0.14.0_x64__fa8jxm5fj0esw\x64\FarmingSimulator2022Game.exe
Platform: loading defaults
Setting 'Master Volume': 1.000
Setting 'Is Train Tabbable': true
Setting 'Radio Vehicle Only': true
Setting 'Radio Active': false
Setting 'Use Colorblind Mode': false
Setting 'Easy Arm Control': true
Setting 'Show Trigger Marker': true
Setting 'Show Help Trigger': true
Setting 'Show Field-Info': true
Setting 'Invert Y-Look': false
Setting 'Show Help Icons': true
Setting 'Radio Volume': 0.600
Setting 'Vehicle Volume': 0.600
Setting 'Environment Volume': 0.700
Setting 'GUI Volume': 0.500
Setting 'Master Volume': 1.000
Setting 'Music Volume': 0.450
Farming Simulator 22
Version: 1.8.2.0 b21467
Available Languages: en de jp pl cz fr es ru it pt hu nl cs ct br tr ro kr ea da fi no sv fc
Language: en
Time: 2022-11-14 20:20:24
ModDesc Version: 72
Mod Directory: C:/Users/zozi0/OneDrive/Dokumentumok/My Games/FarmingSimulator2022/mods/
dataS/charactehumans/playeanimations.i3d (368.23 ms)
dataS/charactehumans/playevehicleCharacterAnimations.i3d (2.66 ms)
dataS/charactehumans/npc/animations.i3d (38.21 ms)
Available mod: (Hash: 6f169683f10221f070e4227f475d0e8b) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_150kWBGA
Available mod: (Hash: 5c6129984df7b118d81bef5b02d87822) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_1970sCowshed
Available mod: (Hash: 8af871774b83284f01a72965f12617dc) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_additionalCurrencies
Available mod: (Hash: 7efec1ff5880dc6746e1e911c4037a90) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AdditionalDecorationPackage
Available mod: (Hash: ff08d7cc6bf68d4ce24c6082bf4d6168) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_additionalGameSettings
Available mod: (Hash: 745deae790399919cecc52eeef5dd41d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AdvancedFarmManager
Available mod: (Hash: 305ac06d5745357fcf7554de8c6367b3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_aebiTT281
Available mod: (Hash: 05a1b85b443a118dcb06daf5856e4656) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Agromet_Terrajet_RC2C_6000
Available mod: (Hash: be6859a4154b760920ed48f9116ed610) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Agromet_Z034_Osa2
Available mod: (Hash: 54e024fa7e59b01e9282c1d0b03b00c6) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_AGXTEND_XPowerr
Available mod: (Hash: 0d88bf8239e6b8990466a6efd4d0b469) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Alpego_KF300
Available mod: (Hash: 80832decd92aadd612bfe57ff525ab2d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_animatedShedPack
Available mod: (Hash: b38b7e0a6e1fd430e8e5dcb9b05b2cea) (Version: 1.8.6.0) FS22_aPalletAutoLoader
Available mod: (Hash: 7473d13aac22fd810a16073f41f1130c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ArchedBuildingsPack
Available mod: (Hash: c5121ae1d103b5ca149d0bed7a8d7f91) (Version: 1.1.1.0) FS22_AutoloaderStockPackjw
Available mod: (Hash: de2a0ebe06253cbc45c434200c1319ef) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AutoloadTruckPackDf
Available mod: (Hash: d5e2e094a5109ac58e100fb46f5f798b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_AutomaticWateringSystem
Available mod: (Hash: 5e2403dfdf1d780deb378b808d27f785) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_AutoPalletsManager
Available mod: (Hash: 1b853beba024250cefc4e8bd3ebc1f14) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Bavarian_Farm_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: bdc928b9a86864bf3fab80c92bbdae0f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Beaverator
Available mod: (Hash: 6896953bbfef3f08b8b5ca9a52736cc9) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_bednarSM18
Available mod: (Hash: 738000d956a198359e79c31b34350fc4) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_beeHivePalletRack
Available mod: (Hash: 83400e0f562ca6e5f049f9a7b7dd162b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BeetCutterPack
Available mod: (Hash: d1cb82135252fd658b3ef39ad5213231) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Betimax_RDS_6000
Available mod: (Hash: e8b5a8d38328722a0bb6f91a634f7c50) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BetterTimeScale
Available mod: (Hash: a9f88f84b5995b159327b703fdd33fa2) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BigBagStorage
Available mod: (Hash: 60b820fa0f9645b1c27df75e74d16232) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_bigBud450
Available mod: (Hash: c6b4d2cfe5b3cd503ab92275f72e0e97) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_bigBud747
Available mod: (Hash: e291e01de57b084420e520a6e87db24b) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_BigDairyDecoPackage
Available mod: (Hash: 42b329881900e6502fda5af73832a78f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Bigmachineshed
Available mod: (Hash: 6c23ff6998d3bf4f33d6f7c6630e6702) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_bourgaultSeries3420
Available mod: (Hash: 3337ad9f77d3b24267b28d84f5677807) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_BrickGarage
Available mod: (Hash: 24b23f0657f65c8044d31a8c10448244) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_BrushCutter
Available mod: (Hash: 3abe32f8746b92c1a4c7606769d6355c) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_BuildingsOfNorway
Available mod: (Hash: f5af1a1f90ec3b438034f9e1bf60ef35) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BuildWithBricks
Available mod: (Hash: 04835e87080d77721f03c45f6ddfd695) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Caffini_DriftStopperEvo
Available mod: (Hash: 4d10a0815371f4ba004fd8c6e057a236) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIHPuma
Available mod: (Hash: 71a931b59834d001c6f08a1695adcf5d) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_CaseIhPumaT4B
Available mod: (Hash: 77216761a495ca9f2ed4f5c9e962fe7f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIH_AFS_Steiger_Series
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_beacon' in mod 'FS22_CaseIH_AFS_Steiger_Series'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: e502d173ad99551ceee3f464200cc005) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIH_Maxxum
Available mod: (Hash: d8663a61be79ede56be511f502ed72e0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseOptum
Available mod: (Hash: bea616f6716d439266343dbc525b6759) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Case_IH_Puma_140_185
Available mod: (Hash: a1490d8490206370c7bb53892138b71c) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Cellar
Available mod: (Hash: 8a7f8e8188c2c5ea82795b26a58f7e3f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_cellularAntenna
Available mod: (Hash: 983e156317a8a8a773e70c889dde717d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Challenger_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 007d27fd2fd6cda88068c312b118d9ab) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ChevroletD20_PC
Available mod: (Hash: 54ebbe77a23b45934ce1b3b7c7a6532e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ClaasArion600
Available mod: (Hash: 8a2bb4a90a874c75439f1e42abf572ab) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_ClaasAxion800
Available mod: (Hash: 0f39c4a24c0d7258a11ed39a83982379) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_claasDiscoPack
Available mod: (Hash: 22fea848178460f5758e60b316a2633b) (Version: 1.1.1.0) FS22_ClaasTractor_Package
Available mod: (Hash: 0cbb7edc52e22ee97be35fabe7b7487f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CLAAS_Axion_800_G1
Available mod: (Hash: 06f34a90b1d439f834b78f77dbdea9c0) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_Claas_Krone_Baler_Pack_With_Lizard_R90
Available mod: (Hash: c3b3f888ab45063d06615d2a4f51a415) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Claas_Xerion
Available mod: (Hash: a3615ca87fb657a65b83db5c68aa9835) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CLAAS_Xerion_3000_series
Available mod: (Hash: 55c625df41095b81445472c0a5f14102) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_clarkG_Tank
Available mod: (Hash: 739656cc53b15205039941a0007276c3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CollectStrawAtMissions
Available mod: (Hash: f9597a230c2afef2343ea1d2dfb5cc0b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Colonial_House
Available mod: (Hash: afd0940faf8737d98a46240802912704) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_compositeHallPack
Available mod: (Hash: cdd01966ded75a4843381c5f74cc3309) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ConsumablePurchaseStation
Available mod: (Hash: 99f29b0913327fdd96639c47107e7baf) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Contracts_Plus
Available mod: (Hash: e5dda505145eda14065f585ae06a905b) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_cowshed3_0stable
Available mod: (Hash: 2af1265c9eeb29024820cb7c068806aa) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CowShedOl
Available mod: (Hash: 14ca43d5311377aff92ec964ecec5a77) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CowshedsPack2
Available mod: (Hash: cca7bb7aa09684d09a450160e793d3ed) (Version: 1.6.0.0) FS22_crosetto_SPL_pack_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: c668a857173bc64f00d7d84d761dcc2d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_DecorativeDetailsPack
Available mod: (Hash: 135d16a1ea5d1c0ed83b4e60b6132a83) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_DeutzSeries7_8
Available mod: (Hash: 4eb5e79175ae491b7c67cb18eb2adb95) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DeutzTTV7Series
Available mod: (Hash: 152e9bb1bc2b40c941374fbef8ef2e14) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DryCornAddon_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: 5b2ae1c8805c19fa88c9a489d11f5d33) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DustyLandsExtension
Available mod: (Hash: ea52bca90fc7773affe3e572aa5523a9) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_DutchContractorShed
Available mod: (Hash: 0ca40e0fccde04b627ba2556522cf602) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DutchShedPack
Available mod: (Hash: 4982d898e1e3c14f267bf912f1d6028d) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_EarthFruitStorage
Available mod: (Hash: 7021fb69b4bd348540ef8da3930c1a07) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_English_Shed_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 2f1ed81ddf2a607b4eb88ef58dfc220d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_estrela32
Available mod: (Hash: cd3beb5fe31cb3dc58773aff377de3e1) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_EUfactories
Available mod: (Hash: 2db8ed2123884d31baf3a9cb441e9846) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_exhaustExtension
Available mod: (Hash: e06c7b29c3bd7f117eecdc6a8e75601a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Farmall_460_560
Available mod: (Hash: 6ffbda67c1b990f8a5340d6baf77ce41) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FarmHouseBig
Available mod: (Hash: 845faa98d1626bb1912843772dcd2ae9) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_FarmSilosDirty
Available mod: (Hash: 12953104fb3d39fffda07ea98063ec8d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FencelessHusbandries
Available mod: (Hash: e026777ce43c09ddde40b2a5e1c9f27e) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_Fendt500Vario
Available mod: (Hash: 55ab4aa69cb62c4b52c8055bd3493e1d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fendt700VarioS4
Available mod: (Hash: e1a58b4ba682bd117f822e2b3c4d35d6) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_FendtCargoPack
Available mod: (Hash: e97b1cdbad6b63f08e88e1036cc6a04c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtTigoXR75
Available mod: (Hash: 4603fd94119b4955499ff92f4d9b753b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVarioPack
Available mod: (Hash: 50173c8b5c32a32f9d6a04e54fdf70cb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVarioTMS
Available mod: (Hash: 840d9c4a3afa08d9fb13ed02537d7260) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVario_700Series_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: d4c02cfa41f521c23667fadddbd729ed) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fendt_weights
Available mod: (Hash: 4dd8e22b6ae716d7ab75ce36d5a11fee) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat1300DT_Rebuild
Available mod: (Hash: 97b3d757e0d94c5cba00680abe42f8a7) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat682
Available mod: (Hash: c367043bcae54d43c0c7b52c52d42785) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiatagri160_55
Available mod: (Hash: 3ef32a26fd5974fc465cd755f4b206f5) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_Fiatagri180_90
Available mod: (Hash: 63860e3724ae36ec35a40c396ba88c97) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat_605c
Available mod: (Hash: 188465d104253104be468d1d497f5237) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FirewoodProcessor
Available mod: (Hash: 755ad0a88279004bf07d32e8999c3e45) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_fireworks
Available mod: (Hash: bb267a94a6fedddf98f591e5fdfa6c0d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fishfarm
Available mod: (Hash: 877b4fbad6144f73408e07b37c640b28) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Flexicoil_ST820_MultiFunction
Available mod: (Hash: 254b17c9d9cae9acffadbd74543c375d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FlieglTimberRunnerAutoload
Available mod: (Hash: 2c2b391551b548b077c85c27a0cd6315) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fliegl_LNCP
Available mod: (Hash: bac5b12dbbb0f4d86ccf8f0c5f5fb884) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_foil_tunnel
Available mod: (Hash: 7ee0cf5548544e977fada5d0f31a59f5) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_foragePickup
Available mod: (Hash: ad8eb56a25ee1557d95a51c2eae4df5b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fortschritt_ZT30x
Available mod: (Hash: b909366043e2fa5c3a6fc509518a451e) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fruehling
Available mod: (Hash: 90b49da4f115ed4499bd77914e512116) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fruit_Greenhouse
Available mod: (Hash: 4073b57c6ca50eff397b02721707a198) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_GarageSolar
Available mod: (Hash: 693ebbb307ff3ec0bc335b92b912baf4) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Gas_Station_With_Daily_Income
Available mod: (Hash: 6ffdecd002025c6d62206a09d01ff604) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_grapeOrchard
Available mod: (Hash: 7683d6359d4bce043ccc0006d37c7f75) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_grape_olive
Available mod: (Hash: 15adafce7038589ebfdd9d004d49b728) (Version: 2.1.6.0) FS22_guidanceSteering
Available mod: (Hash: 433c45f2f6e0b2f8b2c331df31e7609a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_hatzenbichlerTerminator18
Available mod: (Hash: 20633c0992b0da04150c7862d8384175) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Hessian_Farm
Available mod: (Hash: 755a16ca4b84520eea407fc3f0564c5e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_horschProntoDC
Available mod: (Hash: ab9ffc8770bf4cd0dad516054e106296) (Version: 2.1.0.0) FS22_HouseOldPackage
Available mod: (Hash: 86e23b4966ee76687997ac4d26901915) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_HusqvarnaEnduroPack
Available mod: (Hash: 9fcd0c211b8b5834ad01cd27642685dc) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_InGround_Liquid_Manure_Tanks
Available mod: (Hash: 3211cbb8920394ee8a17c9fdf6919551) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_International1455XL
Available mod: (Hash: 5d291056d257c6317fb7a290d7a24487) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ITRunnerPack2433HD_2633HD
Available mod: (Hash: ca1a908dbb083b5f494ecd80e2e99b5d) (Version: 1.2.0.3) FS22_ITS_AVANT
Available mod: (Hash: dd78c35b5750cae4fe8121df2b8de5da) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ITS_DriveLaner
Available mod: (Hash: 892977ad26bbcbbf28100d28daa98f7e) (Version: 1.1.0.3) FS22_ITS_Kahlbacher
Available mod: (Hash: 7f2236faca86bf255f6f0f76aac21817) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Jacto_UniportPlanter500
Available mod: (Hash: 34070443bd831333416fee592a6945ce) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JD_1775NT_2022
Available mod: (Hash: b29d8bbe5d6725c44a6c1b0f353903ec) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JD_x9_1100
Available mod: (Hash: b9850706e31d1a87bcd12efd3db024f9) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_jenzBA725
Available mod: (Hash: 024e2e84e367c54edd7556fb655c1e32) (Version: 1.2.2.0) FS22_JohnDeere2410
Available mod: (Hash: 2f8b2fae07c71864b337c4921e84fec4) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JohnDeere3765
Available mod: (Hash: 812fc9ddcefcca60dd1bed9ee2805102) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_JohnDeere7010Series
Available mod: (Hash: 4293347cc84e4f6f9552ff27f6121b3f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JohnDeere8Series2020
Available mod: (Hash: 1d62dfba44716fc8950f63820a884dce) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_johnDeere948LII
Available mod: (Hash: 5fba7a3a784dc5c3b8c7394ff0fd1f96) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_johnDeere959MH
Available mod: (Hash: 041343f0806e628264a4c66141e56a25) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_JohnDeereDealerSign
Available mod: (Hash: 779c32c99fd4b9920e8cdcf534f52d8f) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JohnDeere_Gator_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: c046c28489d153e33f8d03b33a6c1770) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_John_Deere_CS_770
Available mod: (Hash: 9e47261f72a1b60a1b3d5f115a57d16e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JoskinCargo
Available mod: (Hash: b65f8125692dd71e53e52ad7a90b947a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JoskinDrakkarPack
Available mod: (Hash: 127017fbec2e398c445585d8ba4f0f4a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kdvBalerPack
Available mod: (Hash: cdb87d548acd7c5160c4aafd9f6f3a13) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_koeckerlingVector
Available mod: (Hash: 732db358bbef7fb9014d0a6b7d538aba) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kotteGarantPack
Available mod: (Hash: 7e22eda6d3c9c5bddd7b825b1b8508a4) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_KroegerTAW_Package
Available mod: (Hash: bca2c3b7dd8c9f7ef9e428db71149dba) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_KuhnAxis402
Available mod: (Hash: d346c5e2428ddfc2273ec398fa204b07) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kuhnDiscolanderXM
Available mod: (Hash: c0404d691a71d45cd376d519baf4b753) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kuhnVariMaster153
Available mod: (Hash: 53f528a2c00f07e9bc627463d066ac3d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_kvernelandDGll12000
Available mod: (Hash: 8294a350374777121df3c09e592fa948) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_kvernelandIPlough2500
Available mod: (Hash: d818b995ea9c102ee16a075ba26eb012) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kvernelandTLXGeospread
Available mod: (Hash: a5139d25f2701e2695a2191ced7244ab) (Version: 1.0.5.0) FS22_LagerSilo_Placeable
Available mod: (Hash: 7eeeb67c1ffda38ab1ef63a1c8aec533) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_lamborghini_R6_250
Available mod: (Hash: 0333c28273dcbdef55efbba30f517afe) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LandRoverDefender90
Available mod: (Hash: 4597f6f46e7b8c3315020128e6ce3b2e) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_largeCowshed3_3
Available mod: (Hash: ef79509b1b080691b91e97832c834259) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LeaseToOwn
Available mod: (Hash: ad313166ecbad5bb4fb434f80eb24b58) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_LessMotorBrakeForce
Available mod: (Hash: 62be9d77996dd04369aaaf4234764543) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_LimeAndSugarbeetCutProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 90fa6f956486200ceb6006f5c8390ad9) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LimeFactory
Available mod: (Hash: ead582e83a1f5b5a4ec315e95c8497d7) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard1959
Available mod: (Hash: cbbcd7088390a355ab5ea62e8cec4833) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_lizard320Excavator
Available mod: (Hash: e463181963787855b0d11d23a2347cce) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_lizardbunkersilo
Available mod: (Hash: 418a92f0c308272c1f814c885507d590) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_lizardCarTrailer
Available mod: (Hash: 5ceb24864f9fba31f717404caa1deb38) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_LizardContainer
Available mod: (Hash: 81678303a3ab8c3e24c960170af08f5d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LizardFamedChisel_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: a7ad8f1575feaa672e2e9a6632cd95f5) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_lizardMultiSnowBucket_console
Available mod: (Hash: e3742c23e6307162cb77d24f7cbeddd0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_17221_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: b5658e7bcdb062774ab4049907e97193) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LIZARD_44202
Available mod: (Hash: e7ee72d5708a747c334435f1f39b1d21) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_MKV_Universal_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 3d4bfef4107423c09c50e761518af6c2) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_MT
Available mod: (Hash: 84e136d8e2d4e6a0057fe281b53899bb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_SM72_SM82
Available mod: (Hash: 1e8d9fa73793de76f11765a35c8ae095) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_loadingRampWithDockleveler
Available mod: (Hash: 4f00e1e4b5ee7d818fb718824d2d4beb) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_LowCostSilos
Available mod: (Hash: ac207478b23fe0a5edcd0f3ace268fc7) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_manTGS_26480TankPack
Available mod: (Hash: 1a0fe3fb0095eee6b1334eb76fd657ef) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_ManualRefueling
Available mod: (Hash: ab8bbef86f6aeaa746fbe37e8a264749) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MAN_Agrotruck
Available mod: (Hash: e954b353cbe18e5dead213dfd0179880) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MAN_TGX_Semi_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: dd10caedfd41e030cc51d3ce1a2e4d72) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_MapleSyrupProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 1f699b05316f10a68569f23639437d54) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_7700NextEditon
Available mod: (Hash: 79017e4509768699ec1acfb3891c66a8) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_7700S
Available mod: (Hash: 4e611cdec306a99f1c6390660695f1f4) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_8700S
Available mod: (Hash: b57bebeb35e2ac9c2410e7f14363e362) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_8S
Available mod: (Hash: 89e1acdaa047491e8605b9d2ad872c86) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_LS2200_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: c8215c0c7fdf3569c44072ab955bb48e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_SmallClassics
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_beacon' in mod 'FS22_MasseyFerguson_SmallClassics'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: be60fb741987aab423b00470352628d9) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Medium_Garage
Available mod: (Hash: 1649ad75c747b63cb544fab69241ae2f) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_MerloP417
Available mod: (Hash: 273b0081a889878f442117a13da84141) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Metsjo_MetaQ75_1360Multi
Available mod: (Hash: 0f429cceb91b13d5656c6b1b18b86978) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MF711
Available mod: (Hash: 10f135b8e389c20ba6a1255a23a719a4) (Version: 1.4.0.0) FS22_MF7619
Available mod: (Hash: db5d396bcc7224966fae87e3b5a8c8d5) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_mobileFuelTank
Available mod: (Hash: fa1b2491ad666d8c96959d824794d381) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MPsignPack
Available mod: (Hash: bb5c1dfd68e7e12c6168cfbba63f1fec) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MTZ_1221_RAT
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_roof' in mod 'FS22_MTZ_1221_RAT'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: 4c6a338bb9f5d1f4f2864e20d16416cc) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Multifruit_Buying_Station
Available mod: (Hash: 283b87dc438817d010e2780cf85d7400) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_newHollandDiscbine313
Available mod: (Hash: f13e10fddc5ea5f9dccf9b44873a9f6c) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_newHollandSP400F
Available mod: (Hash: 2f79ac5fe14bb31b68b1c7a332bcf776) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandT8
Available mod: (Hash: cf314d52a7c43d76f0d3a811092f8ad5) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandTM_series
Available mod: (Hash: 78db0e20f443886e999ab8d188a34d37) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandWeight
Available mod: (Hash: c5d29133da757bbc741a36c6ddd86ccb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHolland_70_series
Available mod: (Hash: 898b4e02a01525430f7fb1552e31a6e0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Newholland_Cr1090
Available mod: (Hash: 24bdf6419ae133b2c31dd4936019f8a2) (Version: 1.3.0.0) FS22_NewHolland_L95_Fiatagri
Available mod: (Hash: af80fd80a7873cf5c202d111a8b43e02) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_New_House
Available mod: (Hash: 6269164a8833d5cfdfb49e770881047a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_OldDEPigShed
Available mod: (Hash: 0b1c6f1fcc88da1e9318c6c44743e931) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_OldMill
Available mod: (Hash: 06c1779bb74ae1114fe06b2672508603) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_oliveOrchard
Available mod: (Hash: cb15615d78f614fc52b2942d52392545) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Olives
Available mod: (Hash: dff3186014b1909c42eef73484d22f49) (Version: 1.1.0.1) FS22_openAirGarden
Available mod: (Hash: 7b6460c86aa511efaa2734cbd60271ef) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Pack_Aguas_Tenias_Platforms
Available mod: (Hash: df64c6f23ca595e49e6f3ea8056336a8) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Pack_Autoload
Available mod: (Hash: d28c0bf1cca0e18be1589d54368582a3) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Pack_Neuero_Silo_Multifruit
Available mod: (Hash: 778b55eb8e2ce7f84bf1dc8ed150de79) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_PalettAndBarrelProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 85e1c006ebe5766ee6e6607321641b40) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_placeableBeeHive
Available mod: (Hash: 3838b59c9f0426d77d5615682657ed7a) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_poettingerImpress125FCPro
Available mod: (Hash: e04ea0de00e46bca47c4a861ec76c3e3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_PoettingerMex5
Available mod: (Hash: ca4fa9d92571815a52b5f07b1474d873) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Poettinger_200VCProMultiBaler
Available mod: (Hash: 7803f57dc2e75bd0a0363f686f3f856f) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Polowa
Available mod: (Hash: 653c3b772448ec14e182a4ef29adb6b0) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_PowerTools
Available mod: (Hash: e1d9d0c0ba910379353900f34ffb5025) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Profihopper
Available mod: (Hash: b641bd216a6a206b5052d5701b52f922) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_RandonDolly
Available mod: (Hash: dace1a0ecde3678240430385e7174613) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_REAcog
Available mod: (Hash: 834556d228bc3248ade1495009ff1e86) (Version: 1.2.5.2) FS22_realDirtColor
Available mod: (Hash: fac7731901e2f4168149cd25d0aa2729) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_realDirtColorTracks
Available mod: (Hash: 2dd8158aafdfde86fe2d552c2d46f2df) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_realDirtFix
Available mod: (Hash: 822bc605a4d613b8afc16a908bffec9e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_realDirtParticles
Available mod: (Hash: 0f9668a5daf40b4b7198effb215270b3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_RealisticRefueling
Available mod: (Hash: 6bacc9d464bb9d51b397dbf2d6e2461f) (Version: 1.1.0.1) FS22_REAwheels
Available mod: (Hash: 64b5fd7aeb37559990aa84408bf002e1) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_RefreshContracts
Available mod: (Hash: 625e90662344c988b183a39320a1b2f7) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_reischAgriMaxxPack
Available mod: (Hash: 8a6b59d79f29f13b76e80eb699b9417c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_RM_Subsidy
Available mod: (Hash: 3175d65ae98fa2646a1fd2d924c897c1) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_RobertForksPack
Available mod: (Hash: 019bde83bf5c8cb195345b4dde32c95d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_roundFireWoodStorage
Available mod: (Hash: 6080eaa9a9fb0547725ae4ee3420764c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Sampo_HR46_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 3901cdb7d2bf167ef48327f28ef0f2df) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_SawmillWithBarkmulch
Available mod: (Hash: 857f33a65d1375efd1103afafd1b323f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Scorpio710
Available mod: (Hash: 7dae256f3d82cc252ff0e1161d50f41e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_SCORPION_1033
Available mod: (Hash: 718a4ed838f94d78b914840ce46cb637) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_sellEverything
Available mod: (Hash: 2e717075439bd08d98b3f2f5dd62d6c7) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Shed
Available mod: (Hash: 2ef18392cdb5c9498b01c6073f5ac1a2) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_shedModernColourable
Available mod: (Hash: 218c5e0f9032abea9b98278f57b1bf14) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Shovel
Available mod: (Hash: 12f326ee56e5707a8d0876fb6bd0bd12) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_silos_placeable
Available mod: (Hash: 40a39973c495babdd5e2ecf035f7bf84) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_SlipDestroysFields
Available mod: (Hash: 610ff07312f418289d8dc52c0e1e9184) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_SmallConcreteBunkerSilo
Available mod: (Hash: 5a5554bfe607afc9edf52b223be63cbd) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Smallhorsestable
Available mod: (Hash: acad80d18e341ccf842c91bd1e43a570) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_SquareSBale_Pack
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'function_bales' in mod 'FS22_SquareSBale_Pack'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: f816fb4adf4f89f6f32cbfec7a1b0c8d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_SteigerPanther_ST320
Available mod: (Hash: 7ad13f96d902ce0b845735c91d57a8c0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Stihl_RE581
Available mod: (Hash: 3a17e82918fff7314ceb672e2dd336ac) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_stoneCrushing_limeProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 12fd0ff3a46ec77ee48240bde1221e28) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_StonePallet
Available mod: (Hash: 13747ec61e808639e2b4730edb7292ee) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_stoneShovel
Available mod: (Hash: eeee8762ceacfa2b4b81eb5d8aba2d63) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_strautmannSEK802
Available mod: (Hash: d06c48cb6e138e79fec6e0ff35779473) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_SupplyTransportContracts
Available mod: (Hash: 8f7afa132623c69f733c625db3f411f2) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_TajfunEGV80AHK
Available mod: (Hash: 45b329950e139a5a4e2d3f24203f2007) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_tensionbelt
Available mod: (Hash: 60e8bd18b4f2d4a93341188b4960c1a2) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_terraDosT4_40
Available mod: (Hash: e56a0abbed0d508b41e397dd4d6ab00a) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_The_Old_Stream_Farm
Available mod: (Hash: e09e092961265c62f51cc83a5a038e90) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_TimberTrailerInfo
Available mod: (Hash: 8a61f754a1d722a91b73a368f5203a48) (Version: 1.2.1.0) FS22_TLX2020_Series
Available mod: (Hash: c1a02edc223fbb29f81cb990704c48de) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_TLX2022_Series
Available mod: (Hash: 417da89ba54cb391e60291f99a2da3d8) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_TLX3500_Series
Available mod: (Hash: d3ee72e1124e19877f29c31d1c279f32) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_TowingChain
Available mod: (Hash: 256e927b59436c5a29c14cc9603932b0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_TractorProcessor
Available mod: (Hash: 7906892fe3238fe887dbc8bda96e22cc) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_TreeBGone
Available mod: (Hash: 4c070ea7ef9e8a1da4f660d510fed0e0) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_TWIN_SCREW_XBR2
Available mod: (Hash: 290f54cb09853b2f51aeac3adbb94fc1) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Unimog_U1X00
Available mod: (Hash: ce7155722b0d37f3cbc0436f320dcac8) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_vaderstadSpiritR300S
Available mod: (Hash: 169d02a1806735af935cd2009f71ccd7) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_Valtra_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 86178133fb28d27016c5299ff359b139) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Valtra_Valmet_8750
Available mod: (Hash: 73bd1725e40f596c652b4c6d8d40bac1) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_vgmLK22
Available mod: (Hash: 13505ae0b7f5f7eebd1e21495a6455b0) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_viconAndex1304Pro
Available mod: (Hash: e9baa45f06aef1422e652afdd171e246) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_viconExtraPack
Available mod: (Hash: 17d35c73589abdb43881b828db826ccc) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_viconFanex604
Available mod: (Hash: 495c8e9c4f87abd3d4ecdeadb4c67ec6) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_viconFastBale
Available mod: (Hash: 54ed750ee6f6e14f35ae6555a76b23bd) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_washPit
Available mod: (Hash: 4b6b82c1a6190dc07484b4a6e6cd9c83) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_weighingStations
Available mod: (Hash: 8248cfb7169e9b4b527fd82ae35edb29) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_Wind_Mill
Available mod: (Hash: 77de87210ed9f786046a5e11029852db) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Workshop
Available mod: (Hash: d13ba2d060a5e6ce83a886cd29ac5dd6) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_XXLSolarfield
Available mod: (Hash: fab707068e9b596fc59fc55cbcebf169) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_yp2425A
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded 'vehicle' specializations
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded 'placeable' specializations
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded vehicle types
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded placeable types
2022-11-14 20:21 Info: Loaded construction brush types
submitted by zozi0102 to farmingsimulator [link] [comments]
Logs: GIANTS Engine Runtime 9.0.0 (29243) 64bit MsStore (Build Date: Nov 3 2022)
Copyright (c) 2008-2021, GIANTS Software GmbH (giants-software.com), All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 2003-2021, Christian Ammann and Stefan Geiger, All Rights Reserved.
Application: FarmingSimulator2022
Main System
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10870H CPU @ 2.20GHz
Memory: 16219 MB
OS: Windows NT 10.0 64-bit
Physics System
Version: 5.9.5
Thread(s): 2
Audio System
Driver: SoftMixer WASAPI Stereo
Version: 2018.11
Frequency: 48000
Max. active sources: 256
Render System
Driver: Direct 3D 12
Card Vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
Renderer: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Version: 31.0.15.2225 (6.10.2022)
Revision: 161
Hardware Feature Level : 12_1
Windowed Mode : off
V-Sync : on
Allow Tearing : off
Validation Layer : off
Effective Window Size : 1920 x 1080px
Effective Swap Chain Size : 1280 x 720px
Started 3 threads for threadpool 'Render threadpool'
Hardware Profile
Level: Medium (auto)
View Distance Factor: 1.000000
Shadow Quality: 1.000000 Base-Size: 2048 Filter-Size: 4
Shadow Focus Box: false
Foliage Shadows: false
Shader Quality: 1
Skip Mipmaps: 1
LOD Distance Factor: 1.000000
Terrain LOD Distance Factor: 1.000000
Terrain Quality: 2
Foliage View Distance Factor: 1.000000
Volume Mesh Tessellation Factor: 1.000000
Tyre Tracks Segments Factor: 1.000000
Max. Number of Shadow Lights: 1
Max. Number of Lights: 128
Max. Number of Dir Lights: 4
Max. Number of Lights Per Cluster: 32
MSAA: 1
Post Process AA: TAA
DLSS Quality: Off
AMD FidelityFx SR Quality: Off
AMD FidelityFx SR 2.0 Quality: Off
Intel XeSS Quality: Off
Sharpness: 1.00
Recommended Window Size: 1280 x 720px
Bloom Quality: 3
SSAO Quality: 11
SSAO Resolution Scaling: 0.500000
DOF: Disabled
Half Resolution DOF: Disabled
Cloud Quality: 2
Texture Streaming: Enabled
EnvMap Blending: Enabled
Dynamic Specular EnvMap: Disabled
Shading Rate Quality: 0
Input System
Keyboard enabled
Mouse enabled
Gamepad/Joystick enabled
Force Feedback disabled
Started 1 threads for threadpool 'TerrainPatchOccluderManager unique worker'
Started multiplayer
[MsStoreSysUtil_Properties] Refresh
Used Start Parameters:
exe C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\GIANTSSoftware.FarmingSimulator22-Window10Edition_1.0.14.0_x64__fa8jxm5fj0esw\x64\FarmingSimulator2022Game.exe
Platform: loading defaults
Setting 'Master Volume': 1.000
Setting 'Is Train Tabbable': true
Setting 'Radio Vehicle Only': true
Setting 'Radio Active': false
Setting 'Use Colorblind Mode': false
Setting 'Easy Arm Control': true
Setting 'Show Trigger Marker': true
Setting 'Show Help Trigger': true
Setting 'Show Field-Info': true
Setting 'Invert Y-Look': false
Setting 'Show Help Icons': true
Setting 'Radio Volume': 0.600
Setting 'Vehicle Volume': 0.600
Setting 'Environment Volume': 0.700
Setting 'GUI Volume': 0.500
Setting 'Master Volume': 1.000
Setting 'Music Volume': 0.450
Farming Simulator 22
Version: 1.8.2.0 b21467
Available Languages: en de jp pl cz fr es ru it pt hu nl cs ct br tr ro kr ea da fi no sv fc
Language: en
Time: 2022-11-14 20:20:24
ModDesc Version: 72
Mod Directory: C:/Users/zozi0/OneDrive/Dokumentumok/My Games/FarmingSimulator2022/mods/
dataS/charactehumans/playeanimations.i3d (368.23 ms)
dataS/charactehumans/playevehicleCharacterAnimations.i3d (2.66 ms)
dataS/charactehumans/npc/animations.i3d (38.21 ms)
Available mod: (Hash: 6f169683f10221f070e4227f475d0e8b) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_150kWBGA
Available mod: (Hash: 5c6129984df7b118d81bef5b02d87822) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_1970sCowshed
Available mod: (Hash: 8af871774b83284f01a72965f12617dc) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_additionalCurrencies
Available mod: (Hash: 7efec1ff5880dc6746e1e911c4037a90) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AdditionalDecorationPackage
Available mod: (Hash: ff08d7cc6bf68d4ce24c6082bf4d6168) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_additionalGameSettings
Available mod: (Hash: 745deae790399919cecc52eeef5dd41d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AdvancedFarmManager
Available mod: (Hash: 305ac06d5745357fcf7554de8c6367b3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_aebiTT281
Available mod: (Hash: 05a1b85b443a118dcb06daf5856e4656) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Agromet_Terrajet_RC2C_6000
Available mod: (Hash: be6859a4154b760920ed48f9116ed610) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Agromet_Z034_Osa2
Available mod: (Hash: 54e024fa7e59b01e9282c1d0b03b00c6) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_AGXTEND_XPowerr
Available mod: (Hash: 0d88bf8239e6b8990466a6efd4d0b469) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Alpego_KF300
Available mod: (Hash: 80832decd92aadd612bfe57ff525ab2d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_animatedShedPack
Available mod: (Hash: b38b7e0a6e1fd430e8e5dcb9b05b2cea) (Version: 1.8.6.0) FS22_aPalletAutoLoader
Available mod: (Hash: 7473d13aac22fd810a16073f41f1130c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ArchedBuildingsPack
Available mod: (Hash: c5121ae1d103b5ca149d0bed7a8d7f91) (Version: 1.1.1.0) FS22_AutoloaderStockPackjw
Available mod: (Hash: de2a0ebe06253cbc45c434200c1319ef) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_AutoloadTruckPackDf
Available mod: (Hash: d5e2e094a5109ac58e100fb46f5f798b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_AutomaticWateringSystem
Available mod: (Hash: 5e2403dfdf1d780deb378b808d27f785) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_AutoPalletsManager
Available mod: (Hash: 1b853beba024250cefc4e8bd3ebc1f14) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Bavarian_Farm_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: bdc928b9a86864bf3fab80c92bbdae0f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Beaverator
Available mod: (Hash: 6896953bbfef3f08b8b5ca9a52736cc9) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_bednarSM18
Available mod: (Hash: 738000d956a198359e79c31b34350fc4) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_beeHivePalletRack
Available mod: (Hash: 83400e0f562ca6e5f049f9a7b7dd162b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BeetCutterPack
Available mod: (Hash: d1cb82135252fd658b3ef39ad5213231) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Betimax_RDS_6000
Available mod: (Hash: e8b5a8d38328722a0bb6f91a634f7c50) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BetterTimeScale
Available mod: (Hash: a9f88f84b5995b159327b703fdd33fa2) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BigBagStorage
Available mod: (Hash: 60b820fa0f9645b1c27df75e74d16232) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_bigBud450
Available mod: (Hash: c6b4d2cfe5b3cd503ab92275f72e0e97) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_bigBud747
Available mod: (Hash: e291e01de57b084420e520a6e87db24b) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_BigDairyDecoPackage
Available mod: (Hash: 42b329881900e6502fda5af73832a78f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Bigmachineshed
Available mod: (Hash: 6c23ff6998d3bf4f33d6f7c6630e6702) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_bourgaultSeries3420
Available mod: (Hash: 3337ad9f77d3b24267b28d84f5677807) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_BrickGarage
Available mod: (Hash: 24b23f0657f65c8044d31a8c10448244) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_BrushCutter
Available mod: (Hash: 3abe32f8746b92c1a4c7606769d6355c) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_BuildingsOfNorway
Available mod: (Hash: f5af1a1f90ec3b438034f9e1bf60ef35) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_BuildWithBricks
Available mod: (Hash: 04835e87080d77721f03c45f6ddfd695) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Caffini_DriftStopperEvo
Available mod: (Hash: 4d10a0815371f4ba004fd8c6e057a236) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIHPuma
Available mod: (Hash: 71a931b59834d001c6f08a1695adcf5d) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_CaseIhPumaT4B
Available mod: (Hash: 77216761a495ca9f2ed4f5c9e962fe7f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIH_AFS_Steiger_Series
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_beacon' in mod 'FS22_CaseIH_AFS_Steiger_Series'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: e502d173ad99551ceee3f464200cc005) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseIH_Maxxum
Available mod: (Hash: d8663a61be79ede56be511f502ed72e0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CaseOptum
Available mod: (Hash: bea616f6716d439266343dbc525b6759) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Case_IH_Puma_140_185
Available mod: (Hash: a1490d8490206370c7bb53892138b71c) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Cellar
Available mod: (Hash: 8a7f8e8188c2c5ea82795b26a58f7e3f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_cellularAntenna
Available mod: (Hash: 983e156317a8a8a773e70c889dde717d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Challenger_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 007d27fd2fd6cda88068c312b118d9ab) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ChevroletD20_PC
Available mod: (Hash: 54ebbe77a23b45934ce1b3b7c7a6532e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ClaasArion600
Available mod: (Hash: 8a2bb4a90a874c75439f1e42abf572ab) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_ClaasAxion800
Available mod: (Hash: 0f39c4a24c0d7258a11ed39a83982379) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_claasDiscoPack
Available mod: (Hash: 22fea848178460f5758e60b316a2633b) (Version: 1.1.1.0) FS22_ClaasTractor_Package
Available mod: (Hash: 0cbb7edc52e22ee97be35fabe7b7487f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CLAAS_Axion_800_G1
Available mod: (Hash: 06f34a90b1d439f834b78f77dbdea9c0) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_Claas_Krone_Baler_Pack_With_Lizard_R90
Available mod: (Hash: c3b3f888ab45063d06615d2a4f51a415) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Claas_Xerion
Available mod: (Hash: a3615ca87fb657a65b83db5c68aa9835) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CLAAS_Xerion_3000_series
Available mod: (Hash: 55c625df41095b81445472c0a5f14102) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_clarkG_Tank
Available mod: (Hash: 739656cc53b15205039941a0007276c3) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CollectStrawAtMissions
Available mod: (Hash: f9597a230c2afef2343ea1d2dfb5cc0b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Colonial_House
Available mod: (Hash: afd0940faf8737d98a46240802912704) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_compositeHallPack
Available mod: (Hash: cdd01966ded75a4843381c5f74cc3309) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ConsumablePurchaseStation
Available mod: (Hash: 99f29b0913327fdd96639c47107e7baf) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Contracts_Plus
Available mod: (Hash: e5dda505145eda14065f585ae06a905b) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_cowshed3_0stable
Available mod: (Hash: 2af1265c9eeb29024820cb7c068806aa) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CowShedOl
Available mod: (Hash: 14ca43d5311377aff92ec964ecec5a77) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_CowshedsPack2
Available mod: (Hash: cca7bb7aa09684d09a450160e793d3ed) (Version: 1.6.0.0) FS22_crosetto_SPL_pack_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: c668a857173bc64f00d7d84d761dcc2d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_DecorativeDetailsPack
Available mod: (Hash: 135d16a1ea5d1c0ed83b4e60b6132a83) (Version: 2.0.0.0) FS22_DeutzSeries7_8
Available mod: (Hash: 4eb5e79175ae491b7c67cb18eb2adb95) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DeutzTTV7Series
Available mod: (Hash: 152e9bb1bc2b40c941374fbef8ef2e14) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DryCornAddon_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: 5b2ae1c8805c19fa88c9a489d11f5d33) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DustyLandsExtension
Available mod: (Hash: ea52bca90fc7773affe3e572aa5523a9) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_DutchContractorShed
Available mod: (Hash: 0ca40e0fccde04b627ba2556522cf602) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_DutchShedPack
Available mod: (Hash: 4982d898e1e3c14f267bf912f1d6028d) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_EarthFruitStorage
Available mod: (Hash: 7021fb69b4bd348540ef8da3930c1a07) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_English_Shed_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 2f1ed81ddf2a607b4eb88ef58dfc220d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_estrela32
Available mod: (Hash: cd3beb5fe31cb3dc58773aff377de3e1) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_EUfactories
Available mod: (Hash: 2db8ed2123884d31baf3a9cb441e9846) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_exhaustExtension
Available mod: (Hash: e06c7b29c3bd7f117eecdc6a8e75601a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Farmall_460_560
Available mod: (Hash: 6ffbda67c1b990f8a5340d6baf77ce41) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FarmHouseBig
Available mod: (Hash: 845faa98d1626bb1912843772dcd2ae9) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_FarmSilosDirty
Available mod: (Hash: 12953104fb3d39fffda07ea98063ec8d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FencelessHusbandries
Available mod: (Hash: e026777ce43c09ddde40b2a5e1c9f27e) (Version: 1.0.2.0) FS22_Fendt500Vario
Available mod: (Hash: 55ab4aa69cb62c4b52c8055bd3493e1d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fendt700VarioS4
Available mod: (Hash: e1a58b4ba682bd117f822e2b3c4d35d6) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_FendtCargoPack
Available mod: (Hash: e97b1cdbad6b63f08e88e1036cc6a04c) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtTigoXR75
Available mod: (Hash: 4603fd94119b4955499ff92f4d9b753b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVarioPack
Available mod: (Hash: 50173c8b5c32a32f9d6a04e54fdf70cb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVarioTMS
Available mod: (Hash: 840d9c4a3afa08d9fb13ed02537d7260) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_FendtVario_700Series_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: d4c02cfa41f521c23667fadddbd729ed) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fendt_weights
Available mod: (Hash: 4dd8e22b6ae716d7ab75ce36d5a11fee) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat1300DT_Rebuild
Available mod: (Hash: 97b3d757e0d94c5cba00680abe42f8a7) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat682
Available mod: (Hash: c367043bcae54d43c0c7b52c52d42785) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiatagri160_55
Available mod: (Hash: 3ef32a26fd5974fc465cd755f4b206f5) (Version: 1.0.0.2) FS22_Fiatagri180_90
Available mod: (Hash: 63860e3724ae36ec35a40c396ba88c97) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fiat_605c
Available mod: (Hash: 188465d104253104be468d1d497f5237) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FirewoodProcessor
Available mod: (Hash: 755ad0a88279004bf07d32e8999c3e45) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_fireworks
Available mod: (Hash: bb267a94a6fedddf98f591e5fdfa6c0d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fishfarm
Available mod: (Hash: 877b4fbad6144f73408e07b37c640b28) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Flexicoil_ST820_MultiFunction
Available mod: (Hash: 254b17c9d9cae9acffadbd74543c375d) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_FlieglTimberRunnerAutoload
Available mod: (Hash: 2c2b391551b548b077c85c27a0cd6315) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fliegl_LNCP
Available mod: (Hash: bac5b12dbbb0f4d86ccf8f0c5f5fb884) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_foil_tunnel
Available mod: (Hash: 7ee0cf5548544e977fada5d0f31a59f5) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_foragePickup
Available mod: (Hash: ad8eb56a25ee1557d95a51c2eae4df5b) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fortschritt_ZT30x
Available mod: (Hash: b909366043e2fa5c3a6fc509518a451e) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Fruehling
Available mod: (Hash: 90b49da4f115ed4499bd77914e512116) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Fruit_Greenhouse
Available mod: (Hash: 4073b57c6ca50eff397b02721707a198) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_GarageSolar
Available mod: (Hash: 693ebbb307ff3ec0bc335b92b912baf4) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Gas_Station_With_Daily_Income
Available mod: (Hash: 6ffdecd002025c6d62206a09d01ff604) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_grapeOrchard
Available mod: (Hash: 7683d6359d4bce043ccc0006d37c7f75) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_grape_olive
Available mod: (Hash: 15adafce7038589ebfdd9d004d49b728) (Version: 2.1.6.0) FS22_guidanceSteering
Available mod: (Hash: 433c45f2f6e0b2f8b2c331df31e7609a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_hatzenbichlerTerminator18
Available mod: (Hash: 20633c0992b0da04150c7862d8384175) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Hessian_Farm
Available mod: (Hash: 755a16ca4b84520eea407fc3f0564c5e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_horschProntoDC
Available mod: (Hash: ab9ffc8770bf4cd0dad516054e106296) (Version: 2.1.0.0) FS22_HouseOldPackage
Available mod: (Hash: 86e23b4966ee76687997ac4d26901915) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_HusqvarnaEnduroPack
Available mod: (Hash: 9fcd0c211b8b5834ad01cd27642685dc) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_InGround_Liquid_Manure_Tanks
Available mod: (Hash: 3211cbb8920394ee8a17c9fdf6919551) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_International1455XL
Available mod: (Hash: 5d291056d257c6317fb7a290d7a24487) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ITRunnerPack2433HD_2633HD
Available mod: (Hash: ca1a908dbb083b5f494ecd80e2e99b5d) (Version: 1.2.0.3) FS22_ITS_AVANT
Available mod: (Hash: dd78c35b5750cae4fe8121df2b8de5da) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_ITS_DriveLaner
Available mod: (Hash: 892977ad26bbcbbf28100d28daa98f7e) (Version: 1.1.0.3) FS22_ITS_Kahlbacher
Available mod: (Hash: 7f2236faca86bf255f6f0f76aac21817) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Jacto_UniportPlanter500
Available mod: (Hash: 34070443bd831333416fee592a6945ce) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JD_1775NT_2022
Available mod: (Hash: b29d8bbe5d6725c44a6c1b0f353903ec) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JD_x9_1100
Available mod: (Hash: b9850706e31d1a87bcd12efd3db024f9) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_jenzBA725
Available mod: (Hash: 024e2e84e367c54edd7556fb655c1e32) (Version: 1.2.2.0) FS22_JohnDeere2410
Available mod: (Hash: 2f8b2fae07c71864b337c4921e84fec4) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JohnDeere3765
Available mod: (Hash: 812fc9ddcefcca60dd1bed9ee2805102) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_JohnDeere7010Series
Available mod: (Hash: 4293347cc84e4f6f9552ff27f6121b3f) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JohnDeere8Series2020
Available mod: (Hash: 1d62dfba44716fc8950f63820a884dce) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_johnDeere948LII
Available mod: (Hash: 5fba7a3a784dc5c3b8c7394ff0fd1f96) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_johnDeere959MH
Available mod: (Hash: 041343f0806e628264a4c66141e56a25) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_JohnDeereDealerSign
Available mod: (Hash: 779c32c99fd4b9920e8cdcf534f52d8f) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_JohnDeere_Gator_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: c046c28489d153e33f8d03b33a6c1770) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_John_Deere_CS_770
Available mod: (Hash: 9e47261f72a1b60a1b3d5f115a57d16e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JoskinCargo
Available mod: (Hash: b65f8125692dd71e53e52ad7a90b947a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_JoskinDrakkarPack
Available mod: (Hash: 127017fbec2e398c445585d8ba4f0f4a) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kdvBalerPack
Available mod: (Hash: cdb87d548acd7c5160c4aafd9f6f3a13) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_koeckerlingVector
Available mod: (Hash: 732db358bbef7fb9014d0a6b7d538aba) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kotteGarantPack
Available mod: (Hash: 7e22eda6d3c9c5bddd7b825b1b8508a4) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_KroegerTAW_Package
Available mod: (Hash: bca2c3b7dd8c9f7ef9e428db71149dba) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_KuhnAxis402
Available mod: (Hash: d346c5e2428ddfc2273ec398fa204b07) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kuhnDiscolanderXM
Available mod: (Hash: c0404d691a71d45cd376d519baf4b753) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kuhnVariMaster153
Available mod: (Hash: 53f528a2c00f07e9bc627463d066ac3d) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_kvernelandDGll12000
Available mod: (Hash: 8294a350374777121df3c09e592fa948) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_kvernelandIPlough2500
Available mod: (Hash: d818b995ea9c102ee16a075ba26eb012) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_kvernelandTLXGeospread
Available mod: (Hash: a5139d25f2701e2695a2191ced7244ab) (Version: 1.0.5.0) FS22_LagerSilo_Placeable
Available mod: (Hash: 7eeeb67c1ffda38ab1ef63a1c8aec533) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_lamborghini_R6_250
Available mod: (Hash: 0333c28273dcbdef55efbba30f517afe) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LandRoverDefender90
Available mod: (Hash: 4597f6f46e7b8c3315020128e6ce3b2e) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_largeCowshed3_3
Available mod: (Hash: ef79509b1b080691b91e97832c834259) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LeaseToOwn
Available mod: (Hash: ad313166ecbad5bb4fb434f80eb24b58) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_LessMotorBrakeForce
Available mod: (Hash: 62be9d77996dd04369aaaf4234764543) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_LimeAndSugarbeetCutProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 90fa6f956486200ceb6006f5c8390ad9) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LimeFactory
Available mod: (Hash: ead582e83a1f5b5a4ec315e95c8497d7) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard1959
Available mod: (Hash: cbbcd7088390a355ab5ea62e8cec4833) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_lizard320Excavator
Available mod: (Hash: e463181963787855b0d11d23a2347cce) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_lizardbunkersilo
Available mod: (Hash: 418a92f0c308272c1f814c885507d590) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_lizardCarTrailer
Available mod: (Hash: 5ceb24864f9fba31f717404caa1deb38) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_LizardContainer
Available mod: (Hash: 81678303a3ab8c3e24c960170af08f5d) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LizardFamedChisel_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: a7ad8f1575feaa672e2e9a6632cd95f5) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_lizardMultiSnowBucket_console
Available mod: (Hash: e3742c23e6307162cb77d24f7cbeddd0) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_17221_crossplay
Available mod: (Hash: b5658e7bcdb062774ab4049907e97193) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_LIZARD_44202
Available mod: (Hash: e7ee72d5708a747c334435f1f39b1d21) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_MKV_Universal_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: 3d4bfef4107423c09c50e761518af6c2) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_MT
Available mod: (Hash: 84e136d8e2d4e6a0057fe281b53899bb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Lizard_SM72_SM82
Available mod: (Hash: 1e8d9fa73793de76f11765a35c8ae095) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_loadingRampWithDockleveler
Available mod: (Hash: 4f00e1e4b5ee7d818fb718824d2d4beb) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_LowCostSilos
Available mod: (Hash: ac207478b23fe0a5edcd0f3ace268fc7) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_manTGS_26480TankPack
Available mod: (Hash: 1a0fe3fb0095eee6b1334eb76fd657ef) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_ManualRefueling
Available mod: (Hash: ab8bbef86f6aeaa746fbe37e8a264749) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MAN_Agrotruck
Available mod: (Hash: e954b353cbe18e5dead213dfd0179880) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MAN_TGX_Semi_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: dd10caedfd41e030cc51d3ce1a2e4d72) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_MapleSyrupProduction
Available mod: (Hash: 1f699b05316f10a68569f23639437d54) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_7700NextEditon
Available mod: (Hash: 79017e4509768699ec1acfb3891c66a8) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_7700S
Available mod: (Hash: 4e611cdec306a99f1c6390660695f1f4) (Version: 1.2.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_8700S
Available mod: (Hash: b57bebeb35e2ac9c2410e7f14363e362) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_8S
Available mod: (Hash: 89e1acdaa047491e8605b9d2ad872c86) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_LS2200_Pack
Available mod: (Hash: c8215c0c7fdf3569c44072ab955bb48e) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MasseyFerguson_SmallClassics
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_beacon' in mod 'FS22_MasseyFerguson_SmallClassics'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: be60fb741987aab423b00470352628d9) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_Medium_Garage
Available mod: (Hash: 1649ad75c747b63cb544fab69241ae2f) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_MerloP417
Available mod: (Hash: 273b0081a889878f442117a13da84141) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_Metsjo_MetaQ75_1360Multi
Available mod: (Hash: 0f429cceb91b13d5656c6b1b18b86978) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MF711
Available mod: (Hash: 10f135b8e389c20ba6a1255a23a719a4) (Version: 1.4.0.0) FS22_MF7619
Available mod: (Hash: db5d396bcc7224966fae87e3b5a8c8d5) (Version: 1.0.0.1) FS22_mobileFuelTank
Available mod: (Hash: fa1b2491ad666d8c96959d824794d381) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MPsignPack
Available mod: (Hash: bb5c1dfd68e7e12c6168cfbba63f1fec) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_MTZ_1221_RAT
Warning: Duplicate l10n entry 'configuration_roof' in mod 'FS22_MTZ_1221_RAT'. Ignoring this definition.
Available mod: (Hash: 4c6a338bb9f5d1f4f2864e20d16416cc) (Version: 1.0.1.0) FS22_Multifruit_Buying_Station
Available mod: (Hash: 283b87dc438817d010e2780cf85d7400) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_newHollandDiscbine313
Available mod: (Hash: f13e10fddc5ea5f9dccf9b44873a9f6c) (Version: 1.1.0.0) FS22_newHollandSP400F
Available mod: (Hash: 2f79ac5fe14bb31b68b1c7a332bcf776) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandT8
Available mod: (Hash: cf314d52a7c43d76f0d3a811092f8ad5) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandTM_series
Available mod: (Hash: 78db0e20f443886e999ab8d188a34d37) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHollandWeight
Available mod: (Hash: c5d29133da757bbc741a36c6ddd86ccb) (Version: 1.0.0.0) FS22_NewHolland_70_series
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2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded 'vehicle' specializations
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded 'placeable' specializations
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded vehicle types
2022-11-14 20:21 Loaded placeable types
2022-11-14 20:21 Info: Loaded construction brush types
2022.11.03 20:37 NotMegatron Assault Rifle vs Battle Rifle
 | Assault Rifle vs Battle RifleIntroductionHello everyone,This post is going to explore the differences between Assault Rifles (AR) and Battle Rifles (BR) in Insurgency Sandstorm. Three main parts to the post:
1. Foundations1.1. TermsClassic Game expectations of this comparison. Using [5.56x45mm NATO] as the baseline Assault Rifle and [7.62x51mm NATO] as a Battle Rifle. Battle Rifles will have higher recoil but do more damage. Note I am a gamer and not a firearms expert. Especially in firearms, there is lots of room to be pedantic, I’m just trying to get to some context for the game.“A cartridge or a round is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a projectile.” Figure 1. Bullet Visual Essentially, what bullet does your weapon fire? (Fig.1)
1.2. Game Mechanics1.2.1. DamageWhen it comes to damage, where you hit and what range it occurred is what is important. Games in general will have the health to be set to 100. Game modifiers/features can increase or decrease it.1.2.1.1. HitboxesFigure 2. CS:S Hit box & INS:SS MulitpliersFor those who are not familiar with hitboxes, a game will have an “invisible” simplified model (quicker for calculations) that is used for interaction with projectiles (Boxes which get hit). I purposely used the Counter-Strike: Source (2004) to illustrate this (Fig.2). More modern games may use different shapes like capsules. I’m going to stop here or I’ll go on a tangent. The purpose of the hitbox is to act like a multiplier, this simple consistent way to model damage in games. I’ve included the Insurgency Sandstorm Hitboxes values. This game has a high multiplier for heads (5x) and neck (2.5x). Normal multiplier (1x) for torso, stomach, groin, clavicle and low multiplier for limbs (<1x). These hitbox multipliers mean you should go for headshots or centre of mass. 1.2.1.2. ArmourArmour only protects specific hitboxes. Armour is most beneficial against explosive damage (0.8x / 0.6x) and NOT damage from projectiles (bullets) as you die from 2 shots from most engagements. It also reduces Melee Slash damage too. Data from INS:SS spreadsheet from January 2022 and not my testing (Table 1).Table 1. Armour values (G3 vs M16)
1.2.1.3. RangeThis can be simplified to when range increases, damage decreases. The damage drop-off in insurgency is not that noticeable when compared to other games.1.2.1.4. Collateral damageFigure 3. Collateral Damage, 1 shot kill against heavy armourI was playing a game (Fig.3) and I managed to get a one-shot kill at a greater range than the stats would indicate (28m) and against a heavily armour enemy, this should not occur with a single hit. I watched the replay, and the enemy received no prior damage. So how did this occur? I also did a test in the range where I shot BOTS point blank hitting only armour and they did not die in 1 shot, so the original stats are correct and will stop a single-shot kill from a battle rifle. In this game it is possible to penetrate surfaces like walls, this also includes human flesh. I’m not certain of the value that penetration gets slowed down, so I suspect the 1st hitbox received full damage, then when it hit the 2nd the damage will be reduced depending on how much the 1st hitbox reduces the velocity/penetration value. So in the picture, it appears that I managed to hit the enemy twice with a single shot (Hand + Torso).
Table 2. Theoretical collateral damage (No reduction on 2nd hitbox hit)
Assault Rifles are capable of this collateral damage for one shot kill too although their range will be shorter than Battle Rifles. The distance for both is still significant based on the calculations although I am unsure how significant the reduction is when hitting the 2nd hitbox. 1.2.1.5. Wall bangI had a game where I shot an enemy through sheet metal from 65m, and 2 hits on the enemy’s upper arm and the 3rd hit that eliminated the enemy was the torso. This is interesting as two upper-arm hits should easily eliminate the enemy (152 damage). My rough calculation suggests the multiplier is 0.65x / at least a 45% reduction.
1.3. RecoilIn FPS games the power of the cartridge is often translated into vertical recoil. Other factors are included for game balancing. Vertical recoil can be countered as it is only ever upwards ( a skill) while you can’t really control horizontal if it bounces left to right randomly. 2. Video ExamplesI’ve been playing with both Assault Rifles and Battle Rifles and switching between them to extract the differences for better judgement. All games are PvP, the majority is the game mode push as the attacker. I’m going to only do a brief description of some clips for readability. I tried to showcase different elements which will be used to support my opinions in the discussion section. Video 1. Assault Rifle Mix (PvP) Video 2. Battle Rifle Capture (PvP Push) Video 3. Battle Rifle Clips (PvP) 2.1. 5 Enemies 1 Mag (AK-74)Stumbling into 5 enemies (1/3 of a team) without an opportunity to reload is rare. I manage to handle it with the AK-74 with the 30-bullet magazine. This felt like an action movie.2.2. 5 Enemies 1 Mag (G3 Ambush)I’m starting to capture C, and I predict the enemy will bust through that entrance. I choose an odd position as I suspected the enemy would expect me to be in 2 other positions. I let the first enemy pass a bit, so the enemy would let their guard down, and when I start the ambush and they see a corpse, not by the entrance this will confuse them on where the shooter (me) is. I didn’t expect 5 enemies to appear, but I manage to eliminate them all with a single 20-round magazine, which is an average of 4 bullets per enemy so I was happy with my trigger discipline in full auto.2.3. Suppressed (Mk 17)This was both fun and frustrating. We struggled to clear the objective and the duration was dragged out. When the top was clear, the bottom wasn’t and vice versa. I really like the suppressor as it can cause confusion.2.4. Smoke (Direct Hit & Defence)I really like using the smoke launcher for attack and I feel the team generally performs better as they usually move with my smoke screen also. A direct hit can eliminate an enemy, I don’t recommend it but it can help when it is already drawn. In the video clip from Tell, I eliminate 2 players with the smoke launcher within 20 seconds of each other. On a map like Tell, I dislike trying to move without smoke.Smoke in defence can be used to create confusion, twice on purpose, for context I was the only team on point and was blocking it so I had to hold. 2.5. AUG AttackMy initial plan was just to flank and attack the objective from the rear. I engage in multiple firefights, and when I finally reach the objective and new waves spawns and I felt I would be more useful cutting them off, where I eliminate additional players.2.6. Semi-Auto Battle Rifle Encirclement (G3 + FAL)In one clip I use G3 on semi-auto where I manage to eliminate 6 players with a single magazine. The other using the FAL, I manage to get a good angle behind the objective, where I prevent enemy reinforcements and remove defenders so our team through attrition manage to take the objective.2.7. Default Battle RifleI also included a couple of clips of using a default Battle Rifle playing Domination game mode. Both Battle Rifles have good iron sights but even a 1x optic will allow you to perform better. This clip is used to illustrate my dislike for the “SVD shotgun” build I see which I discuss later. 3. Discussion3.1. AttachmentsIt’s important to note that Battle Rifle in-game cannot use the Grenade Launcher.3.1.1. Grenade LauncherThe “Explosive Grenade Launcher” is only available in the [Demolition] class. The demolition class is expensive and equipment heavy. I Don’t Recommend Battle Rifles for this class as you should be using a loadout similar to this: [4x Lethal for 10pts] = (Rocket Launcher, Explosive GL, Heavy Carrier).Smoke Grenade Launcher: {Rifleman, Observer, Commander} I think the smoke Launcher is the best under-barrel attachment. It’s cheap (1pt), and you will get 2x ammo for it. If you use a heavy carrier, it is 3x, which is more cost-effective than picking multiple smoke grenades (1pt= 1x). The Smoke Launcher keeps the equipment slots free for other things including more smoke. How important a smoke launcher is depends on the context of the game mode and side. For example, in the game mode Push it would be more useful to have it as an attacker than as a defender. I find when I am an attacker with smoke launcher the team seems to perform better as teammates can use my smoke cover and I don’t need to rely on their smoke. 3.1.2. BipodThe Bipod is my 2nd favourite under-barrel attachment. Mainly because it reduces idle sway. The in-game stats also state it reduces recoil too. Bipod is a very defensive playstyle. It can be used offensively, but you need to occupy territory first to set up a position or crawl a lot.
3.1.3. SuppressorTo use it on an Assault Rifle or Battle Rifle you need to select the [Advisor] class. Suppressors are excellent at reducing the sound signature of the weapon. For players who enjoy stealthy tactics, this is a great choice.
3.1.4. Extended MagazinesExtend Magazine increase the bullets from 30 to 35 for Assault Rifles (1pt) which can be done in any class. While Battle Rifles change from 20 to 30 and are more expensive at 2 supply points. Extended Magazines for Battle Rifles are only available from the Advisor Class (PvP: Push). 3.2. Recoil ControlI try not to spray lots of bullets as this helps minimise the recoil control needed. I don’t rate recoil attachments well in INS:SS, also take up the under barrel slot, where I think Smoke Launcher or Bipod is a much better choice.3.2.1. AutomaticThe recoil on battle rifles is not that bad and is very viable to use on automatic. Stance and engagement range are important factors. With battle rifles, I try to be more conscious about my stance. Spraying at distance just seems like a waste of bullets.3.2.2. Semi-AutoI tend to use semi-auto for ranged combat. One way to counter the recoil on semi-auto is to slow your rate of fire as this gives the weapon more time to return to its origin.3.3. Magazine CapacityMagazine capacity is only important if you intend to eliminate multiple enemies. I’m very conscious of the ammo remaining and I like to have a full magazine before starting an engagement. Since the Battle Rifles have 20 by default vs 30 of the assault rifles. I find I play a bit slower with the battle rifle so I cannot get countered while reloading.3.3.1. Total AmmoBeing Harsh, the average K/D is likely just under 1.00 (due to teamkilling & suicide). With 3 magazines you should be able to kill at least one person. Total ammo is a minor concern in most cases and users.Insurgency Max ammo can look like this:
Even with no carrier getting 14 kills with an AKS-74U (105 bullets) as an attacker. The main reason I pick a carrier is so I can hold more equipment. Note a heavy carrier also increases the reserve smoke launcher ammo from 2 to 3. 3.4. Playstyles3.4.1. MarksmanThis is interesting as they are 2 different styles, whether it is a preference for Bullet velocity or damage. For precision (Headshot emphasis) I like the M16 due to the higher bullet velocity. However, using a Battle Rifle in Semi-Auto appears to have more lucky “1 shot kills” to the body. A secondary question is do you prefer to [3x Semi-Auto shots from BR] or [2x 3-Shot Bursts (6) from M16] against a moving target. 3.4.2. GunnerI want to make a quick distinction between suppression and ambushing. When I play as “Gunner” I prefer the “Ambush” style of attacking from a favourable position than “suppression” which uses a high volume of fire &/or wall-banging potential targets.As a gunner (Bipod, prone) the best single spray (35 bullet magazine) I’ve done in PvP was 6 enemies. Opportunities like this are not often. Generally, I prefer magazine-fed weapons over belt-fed, for the reload times. Both Assault Rifle and Battle Rifles can be good at this, with the main advantage over the PKM/MG3 type weapons being that there are no tracers, which makes ambushing even better. 3.4.3. Close QuartersMentally my thresholds for ranges are:
3.5. Game ModeA lot of the comments I’ve made so far can be overridden depending on the game mode. Most of my comments are made from a PvP Push perspective. For example, if you play domination suppressors are not restricted or if you play COOP extended / drum mags are available.3.5.1. PushI tend to focus to Push as it is the most played game mode for Insurgency.3.5.1.1. DefenderSmoke is less important as defence since you should be able to reach your defensive position with relative ease, without the need for concealment. This makes frees up more options on what primary you want to use.3.5.1.2. AttackingAttacking requires you as an attacker to capture objectives. Creating a smokescreen for concealment is the simplest tactic to close the distance. Not having the ability to use a smoke launcher put the battle rifle at disadvantage. You can flank without smoke, but I like to have more tools available for versatility. Also, I think my team performs better when I use smoke as they push with me, rather than me relying on someone else to create smoke for me. For multiple smaller reasons (GL, Magazine capacity, Total Ammo) I prefer using an assault rifle for an attack.3.5.1.3. Best Attacking Battle Rifle loadout for PvP Push?If you are determined to play with a Battle Rifle (to see heads explode?), the best class in my opinion for this is to pick “Advisor”, for 4 main reasons.
3.6. Tangent: DMR (Marksman) vs Battle RifleDMR and Battle Rifles are similar in most stats, the main difference is the marksman class has a longer range on the 1-shot kill while Battle Rifles have the Automatic firing mode.Note the SVD can one shot at 140m and the Mosin can at 230m, while the G3 has the 1 shot range at 28m. For 1 shot kills the advantage is at medium to long distances. Obviously, marksman weapons are specialised for the marksman role and should be better at it. Marksman weapons are not suitable for close quarters. Even if you did have a good trigger finger and snappy aim, using a battle rifle would be more consistent in comparison. So this leads me to my next point which I find bizarre but I tend to see in PvP Push. 3.6.1. SVD is not a ShotgunFigure 4. Spectating a randomer who got wastedUsing Iron sights is generally a poor choice in comparison to a 1x Optic, & Magnified vs unmagnified depends on range. The SVD has poor iron sights, also note how much the left-hand blocks the view too. An enemy could crouch walk past the doorway and the player wouldn’t notice, So “hard scoping” is not a good idea, while “quick scoping” adds additional time to the engagement, which would lose to someone already aiming with an optic. Unsurprisingly, the person I spectated sucked (Fig.4), and I spectated others with similar outcomes. I find it bizarre this is a more popular build than you would expect. If marksman wasn’t a restricted class, I wouldn’t care that much, but you a depriving a teammate who is more competent. The guy being spectated only made 1 good choice out of 4, with the extended mags. If I had to compete against myself in CQC with Iron sight SVD (4pts) w/Extended Mags (2pts) vs Default Battle Rifle, I would win most of the time with the BR. For 6pts using any Battle Rifle (4-5pts) & and 1x optic (1pt), I think I would easily beat the SVD version of myself (w/ BR). 3.6.2. Optimal DMR (Marksman Class)The literal description of the class: “Distance shooter who uses bolt action rifles, battle rifles, anti-materiel riles and long range scopes.“ The very first word is “Distance” and later it also makes reference that “long range scopes” are available.To me an optimised marksman class looks like this:
3.7. Assault Rifle vs Battle Rifle?3.7.1. Weapon statsFigure 5. M16 vs G3 data from the spreadsheetIt's possible to summarise most of the main differences from a stats perspective (Fig.4) Battle Rifle Advantages
3.7.2. AttachmentsFor me the main reason I choose an AR by default in INS: SS is for the Smoke Launcher, depending on the game mode, the importance varies (I play a lot of PvP Push). The more minor reasons are Bullet Velocity and Magazine Capacity. A higher bullet velocity just “feels” more consistent with moving targets at range.The difference in magazine capacity is only important if multiple enemies are considered. 20 is more than enough for a 1v1, but 30 is nice as a default value. I eliminate 5 players using full auto in two separate clips using an AR and BR. In another clip, I eliminated 6 using a BR using semi-auto before reloading. It is possible to counter the main disadvantage of the battle rifle with good trigger discipline. 3.7.3. Battle Rifle Niches?Assault Rifles appear more versatile overall. So when, where and how can you use a Battle Rifle at an advantage in comparison to Assault Rifles? Personally, I like to use Battle Rifles on Semi-Auto at medium to long range.3.7.3.1. Higher DamageSince the Battle Rifle has naturally higher damage than Assault Rifles it is more likely to finish off opponents that have received damage. At 0m it will have 1 less shot to kill in all these regions {Clavicle, Hand, Torso, Stomach, Groin, Calf Foot}. Technically within 28m BR can one shot kill non-armoured targets, while AR cannot. So in close quarters, a single bullet can decide the outcome.A maths example: If I shoot with 50% accuracy per shot and I only need 1 bullet from 4 to hit, the probability that 1 or more will hit is 93%. But if I need 2 hits instead of 4 the probability becomes 68%. When you increase the number of bullets used to 8, the probability of 1 hit from 8 is 99%, while 2 from 8 is 96%. So as more bullets are fired the advantage diminishes for the weapon with lower Shots to Kill. For the automatic fire in close quarters, you need to take into account the weapon handling (accuracy) and rate of fire as additional factors too. 3.7.3.2. Wall BangingBattle Rifles can penetrate cover better than Assault Rifles. There could be opportunities where you shoot at an enemy behind cover and you require fewer hits to eliminate them than using an Assault Rifle. 3.7.4. Battle Rifle Playstyles by class (Push)Assault Rifles can perform these suggested playstyles too as both primaries are similar.3.7.4.1. Rifleman: Versatile SAW / MarksmanThe focus of this setup is the Bipod attachment. If you are playing with a Bipod style you will be at range, so a magnified optic is recommended.Battle Rifle Advantages vs Gunner
Battle Rifles can attack in CQC better than DMR or LMG too, which is useful when you need to attack and capture an objective. Suggested loadout:
3.7.4.2. Observer / CommanderNote observer and commander are the same as the rifleman class except they do not get access to the Bipod attachment. Removing the bipod frees up 2 supply points which could be exchanged for something like 1x Frag or 2x Smoke. 3.7.4.3. Advisor: Stealth InfiltratorEven assault rifles in the advisor class cannot access grenade launchers (or bipods), so Battle Rifles are not at a disadvantage comparatively. I’d say if you are determined to play with Battle Rifles, this is probably the best class for it as you can access attachments to nullify some weaknesses.The suppressor is the main attachment that gives it the stealth distinction as it reduces the sound signature making you hard to locate using audio cues. Suggested loadout
3.7.4.4. DemolitionDon’t! Demolition, the emphasis on explosives, so not being able to equip the explosive grenade launcher is very negative.I usually pick the cheapest primary (1-3pts) depending on if I care about Burst/ Automatic. Battle Rifles will cost 4 or 5 points. Demolition is expensive and equipment heavy:
3.7.4.5. Gunne Marksman / BreacherGunner and Breacher do not use battle rifles. If you are being pedantic the marksman class states in the description that it uses Battle Rifles, which I think it technically only has 1 the MK 14 EBR.3.7.5. Primary Weapon PricingAnother factor to consider is weapon pricing. The game appears to put emphasis on firing mode and rate of fire.
3.7.5.1. How much is a supply point worth?This is relative depending on your goal. In Push, you have 15pts to spend. The more you spend on your primary weapon the less you can spend on equipment. So, if you have an equipment-heavy build, you will only have a few points remaining so each point is more valuable. 3.8. Final ThoughtsBoth Assault Rifles and Battle Rifles are viable options in IN:SS. Assault rifles have a slight advantage in versatility due to the grenade launcher and a larger default magazine. How important this is to you depends on other factors.Both weapons can be used in multiple roles and are good at all ranges. Essentially it comes down to playstyle preferences. I tried my best to explore the differences. Assault Rifles are more versatile generally. If I was being harsh, my performance is probably better with an Assault Rifle mainly because I play a lot of PvP push which means I need to attack and attacking usually involves smoke. So, the edge for me has more to do with secondary factors like pricing, attachments, and equipment than raw stats and weapon handling. ……….. A big thank you to the stats people who made the interactive spreadsheet, it is a great tool. Thank you for reading this, hope you found it informative and the videos interesting. Any questions feel free to ask. |
2022.10.31 11:33 subreddit_stats Subreddit Stats: DHHMemes posts from 2022-08-01 to 2022-10-30 09:58 PDT
Period: 89.95 days
submitted by subreddit_stats to subreddit_stats [link] [comments]
| Submissions | Comments | |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 806 | 23640 |
| Rate (per day) | 8.96 | 259.95 |
| Unique Redditors | 208 | 2779 |
| Combined Score | 125555 | 138643 |
Top Submitters' Top Submissions
- 11178 points, 34 submissions: CheckQuick
- Been inactive for long time , so here's my come back meme (796 points, 117 comments)
- Also whole LB song ʘ‿ʘ (745 points, 72 comments)
- :-D (653 points, 40 comments)
- Deep Kalsi appreciation post (639 points, 65 comments)
- Kya rappers beef end kar paa rahe hai ? (588 points, 95 comments)
- Rap God vs actual God 🛐 (562 points, 113 comments)
- 🤓👌 (483 points, 147 comments)
- Probably the worst mistake of his life :( (480 points, 32 comments)
- Normie Krsna 🤢 chad raga 😎👍 (457 points, 41 comments)
- Socha Krsna ke diss aane se pehle ek list banadu (448 points, 110 comments)
- 7240 points, 53 submissions: PhD_in_Sarcasm
- ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) (397 points, 30 comments)
- Wo Blue Eyes ne hypnotize kar diya tha (369 points, 22 comments)
- Comments me aur add karo (333 points, 128 comments)
- (◐‿◑) (322 points, 34 comments)
- Comments me aur add karo (278 points, 112 comments)
- Ab 1 mahine tak meme mat mangna + Announcement (257 points, 129 comments)
- Sry Bhey mai toh 14 me majdoor hu (255 points, 27 comments)
- Meanwhile Address Pe (243 points, 19 comments)
- kyu bhai? (232 points, 43 comments)
- : (208 points, 31 comments)
- 5808 points, 36 submissions: minta_in
- #BoycottSamayRaina🤬🤬🤬 (542 points, 30 comments)
- tit-de (427 points, 35 comments)
- MC STAN MEME (420 points, 50 comments)
- motevessan×100 (372 points, 35 comments)
- unowottymitizz (282 points, 34 comments)
- Sudhre nahi tum ab tak (281 points, 20 comments)
- virgin emiway vs chad krsna template (261 points, 18 comments)
- #BoycutDashdroheeKR$NA🤬🤬 (248 points, 33 comments)
- TIT for tat (243 points, 42 comments)
- cOpY nAhI iNsPiReD hAi (230 points, 68 comments)
- 4837 points, 17 submissions: KNnuLL
- Niche dekh le bhai (486 points, 20 comments)
- yaha kya dekh rha hai niche dek (471 points, 29 comments)
- be honest with me "kya is sub pe meme ban pa rahe hai" (458 points, 13 comments)
- Ab toh gana nikalde bhai (378 points, 24 comments)
- I'M😞SORRY😭MAAM👽SLIT🐍SLIT🐍SLAT💦SLAT💦 (350 points, 25 comments)
- SedGuru (credits:ig-meymey.if) (347 points, 25 comments)
- एक आकर्शिक् शीर्षक। (344 points, 46 comments)
- TEMPLATE LELO UPVOTE DEDO (338 points, 18 comments)
- Tum bhi Machao Bawa (294 points, 21 comments)
- MUHFAAD OR MOONKNIGHT?? (273 points, 16 comments)
- 4648 points, 40 submissions: Interesting-Force347
- Ye banda kaise single hai, iska kuch nhin ho raha toh humara kaise hoga?? (363 points, 130 comments)
- NGL this was smooth for $impna, Sliding into her dms like : (360 points, 61 comments)
- Tathya thook raha hai chaddikapra (237 points, 16 comments)
- ladka tathya thook raha hai : Sometimes Stalking does not make the pain go (235 points, 17 comments)
- NGL, kafi tense match tha. After a long long time cricket made me feel goosebumps. (225 points, 23 comments)
- Brodha V be wilding : Bun Tie and a guy rocking krsna's older look with Raa on his tee( Bujjima Music Video) (216 points, 33 comments)
- Why I like this sub..... (216 points, 26 comments)
- Rohan Currypatta's multiverse of madness, already gunning to take over Beef Jones throne (177 points, 45 comments)
- King taking shots at Bantai's Education /s. (173 points, 50 comments)
- Who is this guy? Extremely wrong answers only (172 points, 199 comments)
- 4503 points, 26 submissions: irlprakhar
- Bantai bacchi bamai [NOC] (482 points, 13 comments)
- S-s-sanki s-s-sanki (334 points, 15 comments)
- BYE KR$NA (333 points, 27 comments)
- Burn (302 points, 9 comments)
- Hello Muhfaad (289 points, 22 comments)
- Ok (279 points, 8 comments)
- stannnyyyyyy (256 points, 40 comments)
- $ Sign One Time😎🤘🏻 (245 points, 73 comments)
- Emoway (227 points, 26 comments)
- Bye Harjas. (221 points, 27 comments)
- 3862 points, 38 submissions: DODA05
- Delhi 💖 (346 points, 16 comments)
- Tsu~myoki~ (324 points, 14 comments)
- Slandarina Reuploaded [Kyunki mods ko rules predefine karne nahi aate] (299 points, 23 comments)
- Seedhe Maut trio X Chhota Bheem trio (253 points, 31 comments)
- Back to Shitposting 🤓 (230 points, 21 comments)
- BSDK mod, dekh to le. Meme Emiway pe nahi hai. (170 points, 44 comments)
- Kya dekh raha hai be? (159 points, 26 comments)
- Bujjima (full rant slander-in-ya) (147 points, 12 comments)
- Doin it for the scene frfrfrfrfrfrfr (139 points, 17 comments)
- 😔 (137 points, 29 comments)
- 3732 points, 15 submissions: minta_returns
- Jab pooche kon hai best? it's me i guess🤓 (545 points, 66 comments)
- that's a fact ab karo deny (540 points, 14 comments)
- 14 saal meri umar thi haa..... (485 points, 92 comments)
- this has to be the best rap battle world has ever seen (inspired by u/KNuLL) (458 points, 27 comments)
- CHAD-K (378 points, 56 comments)
- gaurav and muhfaad be like: (227 points, 35 comments)
- Ayo Thala Anjum😳 (215 points, 38 comments)
- ye hai gehra dard ye hai kadwa sach (193 points, 34 comments)
- ye diss-wiss mei nahi atkele apun🤓 (165 points, 19 comments)
- template credits: u/Phd_in_Sarcasm (156 points, 25 comments)
- 3034 points, 19 submissions: reddituser3611
- Theory and Practical by $ ft. Bantai (517 points, 64 comments)
- Mamla Rap Ke Paar... (309 points, 78 comments)
- Save MC Beatle$$ (280 points, 26 comments)
- Seedhe Bantai Vibes (247 points, 17 comments)
- Bantai ki film maich banaunga... (182 points, 23 comments)
- दुःख, दर्द, पीड़ा, कष्ट... (175 points, 20 comments)
- Anyone else?! (168 points, 32 comments)
- Sparta in different languages* (154 points, 14 comments)
- Course me bhi subliminal (142 points, 42 comments)
- Memeception (139 points, 16 comments)
- 2932 points, 24 submissions: Acceptable-Cow8596
- 1 ghante me take diss likhke diye shots to your favorites (326 points, 35 comments)
- Effortless effort (237 points, 15 comments)
- Bhool ja jo hua 12 bajay (201 points, 16 comments)
- Kya matlab u/Big_a_zoid11 bhi race me hai 🗿 (194 points, 94 comments)
- Labels ke baare kuch bolo na (part 4) (193 points, 33 comments)
- "Calm" down bro 🗿 (188 points, 24 comments)
- Bhen ki ch#t (185 points, 43 comments)
- Labels ke baare kuch bolo na (part 2) (137 points, 17 comments)
- Labels ke baare kuch bolo na, sirf memes mat dekho upvote bhi karo na (135 points, 19 comments)
- Title gaya tel lene (134 points, 13 comments)
Top Commenters
- CheckQuick (4936 points, 842 comments)
- DocDiffer (4199 points, 1003 comments)
- minta_in (4060 points, 416 comments)
- ShadowLegend444 (3422 points, 456 comments)
- Interesting-Force347 (3117 points, 301 comments)
- 9ighteye (2776 points, 470 comments)
- Impressive_Camera173 (2719 points, 231 comments)
- minta_returns (2018 points, 259 comments)
- alpha708 (1912 points, 127 comments)
- 2k3om (1910 points, 368 comments)
- PhD_in_Sarcasm (1766 points, 244 comments)
- Shedller (1635 points, 285 comments)
- Big_a_zoid11 (1604 points, 172 comments)
- Realkushh (1387 points, 99 comments)
- DODA05 (1147 points, 273 comments)
- Suitable-Bicycle5027 (1112 points, 115 comments)
- reddituser3611 (1085 points, 147 comments)
- Andhainsaan (979 points, 149 comments)
- adhdXocd (902 points, 61 comments)
- stammer_kid (894 points, 281 comments)
- SiriusBhund (891 points, 154 comments)
- Not_A-Pedophile_ (869 points, 160 comments)
- YouTube-Ad-15sec (825 points, 122 comments)
- irlprakhar (824 points, 142 comments)
- appy_shan (796 points, 81 comments)
- Stunning-Structure-5 (782 points, 66 comments)
- JaiJai011 (756 points, 56 comments)
- Playingcorp (742 points, 150 comments)
- Kushpoltrey56 (708 points, 69 comments)
- mohdsureshsinghdcruz (693 points, 67 comments)
- JODDUNMOIST (686 points, 53 comments)
- anujmaral12 (680 points, 52 comments)
- ChutiyaChutney420 (667 points, 51 comments)
- Connect-Duck-8068 (652 points, 136 comments)
- Acceptable-Cow8596 (649 points, 106 comments)
- Jhaa2PAC (640 points, 80 comments)
- National-Ad-7358 (613 points, 82 comments)
- Haunting-Muffin784 (610 points, 73 comments)
- HeavenShatteringGod (604 points, 41 comments)
- TheKingAlchemist (596 points, 66 comments)
- pawan270319999 (593 points, 63 comments)
- Unique-Bug-2590 (578 points, 47 comments)
- NewbieAtReddit7 (571 points, 78 comments)
- kushpoltrey46 (552 points, 26 comments)
- Mission-Recover-2888 (535 points, 54 comments)
- Raftaar_kk (531 points, 59 comments)
- Spirited-Second1604 (523 points, 45 comments)
- savage_anuj586 (507 points, 134 comments)
- die_777 (507 points, 92 comments)
- Actual_Employment_89 (507 points, 52 comments)
- theIYD_ (502 points, 62 comments)
- KrsnaKaul (501 points, 73 comments)
- Glittering-Basis1137 (500 points, 105 comments)
- Bhadwaguy69 (490 points, 126 comments)
- WADE_- (489 points, 52 comments)
- GlassEast5641 (483 points, 60 comments)
- Final-Sample- (479 points, 43 comments)
- Inevitable_Attempt_1 (469 points, 34 comments)
- Exotic_Phone2651 (435 points, 82 comments)
- lolxdmekaisemaanlu (422 points, 43 comments)
- spacemonkey___ (420 points, 10 comments)
- letmebeD (412 points, 32 comments)
- RJ__07 (404 points, 24 comments)
- OkBro0257 (397 points, 86 comments)
- WhoimPS (379 points, 66 comments)
- Issei2_rias (373 points, 29 comments)
- Advanced-Disaster728 (367 points, 26 comments)
- pedo_hamster (367 points, 12 comments)
- Lost-Vermicelli-4840 (365 points, 31 comments)
- Famous_Amphibian2385 (361 points, 62 comments)
- r0cks33n9915 (360 points, 46 comments)
- an_experienced_idiot (360 points, 32 comments)
- LostLaw9417 (350 points, 50 comments)
- JustBike8951 (346 points, 112 comments)
- AryamanNotNice2005 (344 points, 14 comments)
- MarchAggressive4278 (339 points, 38 comments)
- NH_hostel (337 points, 18 comments)
- Additional-Peak-1755 (336 points, 48 comments)
- noobmasteriiiiiiii69 (333 points, 30 comments)
- 84_years (332 points, 65 comments)
- Logical_Classic_2242 (330 points, 19 comments)
- rewanshh (325 points, 30 comments)
- sweet_little_sinner (318 points, 37 comments)
- harshwardhannnn (316 points, 42 comments)
- Pretty_Button4696 (311 points, 91 comments)
- diomency (311 points, 11 comments)
- FantasticMix9194 (309 points, 30 comments)
- Industry-Beautiful (298 points, 55 comments)
- Powerful-Prune-2795 (297 points, 39 comments)
- Funny-Spray4184 (296 points, 103 comments)
- Unbiased-_- (296 points, 45 comments)
- SpinachDull288 (295 points, 33 comments)
- WarmRelationship8483 (293 points, 45 comments)
- Dense_Ad9824 (293 points, 26 comments)
- Dr_Thoratt (289 points, 34 comments)
- Worth-Cranberry-5167 (289 points, 30 comments)
- Certain-Confidence20 (287 points, 27 comments)
- WetPussyDestroyer (283 points, 23 comments)
- deba2607 (281 points, 40 comments)
- Turbulent_Length_835 (281 points, 20 comments)
- Salt_Instruction_555 (275 points, 32 comments)
- RepresentativeNew389 (273 points, 24 comments)
- DankKid2410 (272 points, 18 comments)
- Tasty-Warning7549 (269 points, 44 comments)
- DrOjasRDeshapnde (268 points, 40 comments)
- Metal-Banana-72 (267 points, 48 comments)
- comic_tak (267 points, 37 comments)
- Basic-Biscotti-3915 (264 points, 40 comments)
- Nakshatra_21 (263 points, 31 comments)
- sahil42069 (259 points, 27 comments)
- Remarkable_House_687 (258 points, 5 comments)
- Shot-Witness2132 (257 points, 46 comments)
- EconomyAd4071 (256 points, 37 comments)
- 0starhunter (255 points, 58 comments)
- insignificantt (252 points, 27 comments)
- hedwig03 (248 points, 11 comments)
- Noeljino (246 points, 23 comments)
- Ok-Push385 (245 points, 13 comments)
- VirtualHuman52 (242 points, 37 comments)
- That_Soil6113 (241 points, 13 comments)
- CrestNexus (239 points, 31 comments)
- RichieSmellsNice (239 points, 26 comments)
- okk_123 (239 points, 24 comments)
- Superb-Barracuda-924 (238 points, 53 comments)
- en1_gma (237 points, 44 comments)
- K_Singh08 (237 points, 17 comments)
- TOB_Yt (234 points, 40 comments)
- KNnuLL (233 points, 55 comments)
- Bitter_Piece3943 (232 points, 30 comments)
- MutedNefariousness86 (229 points, 12 comments)
- Responsible_Ad4934 (228 points, 49 comments)
- akshroom (221 points, 20 comments)
- noteprocupes (218 points, 31 comments)
- heaven_hurts (217 points, 6 comments)
- Sryamadhumakhi96 (209 points, 51 comments)
- ihh_memes (205 points, 26 comments)
- Ancient_Scientist_04 (203 points, 13 comments)
- hhopeless (196 points, 14 comments)
- Decent_Avocado6139 (194 points, 30 comments)
- imshivraj101 (188 points, 35 comments)
- Top-Attention-9212 (186 points, 24 comments)
- belikepac (186 points, 7 comments)
- atharvabordavekar (184 points, 29 comments)
- Euglena_fucks_amoeba (183 points, 9 comments)
- mafiaRahul (182 points, 12 comments)
- KRSNA001 (181 points, 37 comments)
- GaroD80 (181 points, 15 comments)
- tumbbad (181 points, 3 comments)
- Whereisthesauceman (180 points, 31 comments)
- fuddhu (180 points, 11 comments)
- ExtraAd8547 (179 points, 12 comments)
- jethalal_iyer (177 points, 84 comments)
- PsychologyOptimal431 (176 points, 30 comments)
- Zealousideal_King204 (176 points, 21 comments)
- anotherKM7124 (176 points, 19 comments)
- ac_2424 (175 points, 23 comments)
- spharaoh1 (173 points, 24 comments)
- Apart-Big-6120 (173 points, 13 comments)
- Usual_Cow_8821 (170 points, 14 comments)
- PornHub-Ad-60sec (169 points, 22 comments)
- Nipun_d11 (169 points, 20 comments)
- Altruistic-Acadia-27 (169 points, 18 comments)
- Castrated_paneer (167 points, 26 comments)
- International_Oil368 (165 points, 13 comments)
- Zealousideal-Ad-8753 (161 points, 19 comments)
- RemoteAd7206 (161 points, 10 comments)
- normie_chirag (160 points, 33 comments)
- Inside_Helicopter805 (160 points, 27 comments)
- Ronin-280 (159 points, 26 comments)
- Guilty_Surprise5534 (159 points, 13 comments)
- zodiachunter64 (159 points, 7 comments)
- Sanjam28 (157 points, 17 comments)
- vaibhav0071 (157 points, 15 comments)
- Aarav_Parmar (154 points, 18 comments)
- funny_acolyte (151 points, 33 comments)
- _AngooR_ (151 points, 12 comments)
- ChAdBrO19 (150 points, 8 comments)
- SunlightLegend444 (149 points, 18 comments)
- puwali_of_dp (147 points, 6 comments)
- NoFunnyName31 (146 points, 16 comments)
- Practical-Ad-5263 (146 points, 15 comments)
- Far-Fondant-72 (144 points, 22 comments)
- dpathak33 (144 points, 1 comment)
- LordJ92 (143 points, 16 comments)
- Vnisha_V (142 points, 10 comments)
- ParmodJakhar32 (141 points, 4 comments)
- deepsubedi (138 points, 16 comments)
- Impressive-Expert433 (133 points, 18 comments)
- raknahs9k (132 points, 20 comments)
- Scary-Pay-117 (132 points, 17 comments)
- Harman_07 (128 points, 27 comments)
- behuda_memer (128 points, 19 comments)
- kaybeeNUB (126 points, 23 comments)
- Fresh_Aide_2436 (125 points, 52 comments)
- imdumb_sike (124 points, 6 comments)
- Deatho345 (121 points, 40 comments)
- laststan01 (121 points, 10 comments)
- Complete-Meaning-536 (121 points, 3 comments)
- Young_prozpekt (120 points, 13 comments)
- nallaBot (119 points, 74 comments)
Top Submissions
- Beefs in dhh be like by 84_years (967 points, 56 comments)
- Chad Stanny busy eating chocolates . by Professional-Rule432 (897 points, 63 comments)
- janmashtmi in DHH Universe by behuda_memer (832 points, 46 comments)
- Title by deleted (817 points, 42 comments)
- Been inactive for long time , so here's my come back meme by CheckQuick (796 points, 117 comments)
- Coolpha by Castrated_paneer (755 points, 56 comments)
- Also whole LB song ʘ‿ʘ by CheckQuick (745 points, 72 comments)
- Ghar se nikal dia bc by YouTube-Ad-15sec (706 points, 59 comments)
- represent 🗿🗿 by four_ssfour_ssone_n (682 points, 89 comments)
- 1st meme guys ( 2019-2020) summary by Prashantsss (682 points, 52 comments)
Top Comments
- 223 points: Advanced-Disaster728's comment in 🔥🫣
- 205 points: Impressive_Camera173's comment in Kitne Gaane nikalega bhai 😳😳
- 197 points: deleted's comment in 🗿
- 191 points: Realkushh's comment in Minta is stalking Krsna fan pages. (IG Story)
- 187 points: Big_a_zoid11's comment in 🗿
- 176 points: Final-Sample-'s comment in Badshah bhai masti nahi
- 167 points: Unique-Bug-2590's comment in Yeh kya hua????
- 153 points: RepresentativeNew389's comment in Make the comment section look like this guy's search history
- 152 points: tumbbad's comment in L*de ka Khabib, Disloyal to his peeps
- 151 points: Impressive_Camera173's comment in Mothefuckin' beef rapper of all time
Generated with BBoe's Subreddit Stats
2022.10.17 09:27 HayesMachinery PRO Battery Top Handle Chainsaws STIHL MSA220T vs Husqvarna T540iXP vs Makita UC003G
submitted by HayesMachinery to Makita [link] [comments]
2022.10.17 09:27 HayesMachinery PRO Battery Top Handle Chainsaws STIHL MSA220T vs Husqvarna T540iXP vs Makita UC003G
 | submitted by HayesMachinery to Makitaville [link] [comments] |
2022.10.17 09:27 HayesMachinery PRO Battery Top Handle Chainsaws STIHL MSA220T vs Husqvarna T540iXP vs Makita UC003G
| | submitted by HayesMachinery to MilwaukeePowerTools [link] [comments] |
2022.10.17 09:27 HayesMachinery PRO Battery Top Handle Chainsaws STIHL MSA220T vs Husqvarna T540iXP vs Makita UC003G
| | submitted by HayesMachinery to stihl [link] [comments] |
2022.10.17 00:52 Forsaken-Football759 shell 91 Nitro octane safe to use on 2 strokes
Shell 91 octane Nitro safe to use in 2cycle engines
I know the higher octane rating mean it burns fuel slower but I mixed some with my stihl 2 cycle oil and put some in my BR 350 leaf blower leaf blower and it started getting really hot and steaming when I took off the cover I thought it had burned some of the carbon deposits of the top of the cyclinder my concern is that if run it longer will it overhead and make my 2 stroke run lean possibly destroying my leafblower
submitted by Forsaken-Football759 to smallenginerepair [link] [comments]
I know the higher octane rating mean it burns fuel slower but I mixed some with my stihl 2 cycle oil and put some in my BR 350 leaf blower leaf blower and it started getting really hot and steaming when I took off the cover I thought it had burned some of the carbon deposits of the top of the cyclinder my concern is that if run it longer will it overhead and make my 2 stroke run lean possibly destroying my leafblower
2022.10.17 00:44 Forsaken-Football759 Shell 91 octane Nitro okay to use in 2cycle engines
I know the higher octane rating mean it burns fuel slower but I mixed some with my stihl 2 cycle oil and put some in my BR 350 leaf blower leaf blower and it started getting really hot and steaming when I took off the cover I thought it had burned some of the carbon deposits of the top of the cyclinder my concern is that if run it longer will it overhead and make my 2 stroke run lean possibly destroying my leafblower
submitted by Forsaken-Football759 to smallengines [link] [comments]